Sumber : CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS 4th Edition Neil A. Campbell • Jane B. Reece • Lawrence G. Mitchell • Martha R. Taylor
Polisakarida
KARBOHIDRAT • Pati
Disakarida
• Sukrosa
• Maltosa
• Laktosa
Monosakarida
• Fruktosa
• Glukosa
• Galaktosa
LEMAK
Berdasarkan asalnya:
Nabati
Hewani
Terdiri atas:
Asam lemak
Gliserol
PROTEIN
Berdasarkan asalnya:
Nabati
Hewani
Terdiri atas:
Asam lemak
Gliserol
AIR
• Penggolongan hewan
berdasarkan jenis
makanannya
– Herbivores pemakan
tumbuhan
– Carnivores pemakan
daging
– Omnivores pemakan segala
(daging dan tumbuhan) Figure 21.1A
Figure 21.1E
– Beberapa memakan
substrat, hidup di
dalam atau pada
sumber makanannya
Figure 21.1B, C
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– Beberapa makan
cairan dengan cara
menghisap cairan
makananannya
Figure 21.1D
- Beberapa makan
dengan menjadi
parasit
Small
molecules
Pieces
of food Nutrient
molecules
Pemecahan Kimia enter body
Pemecahan (enzymatic hydrolysis) cells Undigested
Mekanik material
Food
Figure 21.2
Mouth
Tentacle
Hydrolytic
Flagella enzymes
Food
particle
Engulfment
Food Gastro- of food
(Daphnia, vascular particle
a water cavity
flea) Digestion in
food vacuole
Figure 21.3A
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Pada beberapa hewan, Alat pencerna makanan
hanya berupa saluran pencernaan saja
– Hanya berupa saluran dari mulut menuju anus
– Saluran ini terpisah menjadi bagian khusus yang
mengolah makanan secara terpisah
Crop Gizzard
Esophagus Intestine
Pharynx
Anus
Mouth
EARTHWORM
Wall of intestine
Interior of intestine
Figure 21.3B
Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine Gizzard
Crop
Intestine
Mouth Gastric pouches
GRASSHOPPER Mouth
Crop
Anus
BIRD
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Pyloric
sphincter
Stomach
Gall-
bladder
Small
Pancreas intestine Small
intestine
Large
intestine
Rectum
Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars
“Wisdom”
tooth
Tongue
Salivary
glands
Opening of a
salivary gland duct
Figure 21.5
Larynx
Esophageal Larynx Larynx
sphincter up down
Trachea
Esophagus Esophagus
(windpipe)
Figure 21.6
Circular Relaxed
muscle layer muscles
Circular Relaxed
muscles muscles
contract,
Bolus of constricting
food passageway
and pushing
bolus down
Longitudinal
muscles
contract,
shortening
passageway
ahead of bolus
Stomach
Longitudinal
muscle layer
Figure 21.7
Pariental cells
Figure 21.8
Gall- Stomach
bladder
Duodenum of Pancreas
small intestine
Figure 21.10A
Table 21.10
Epithelial
cells
Lumen
Muscle
layers
Blood
Circular folds capillaries
Figure 21.10B
dicerna
dimasukkan ke
dalam colon
(usus besar)
End
of small Small
intestine intestine
Anus
– Penyerapan Nutrient
Sisa air
flow
Appendix
Cecum
Small
intestine Stomach
Cecum
Colon
(large
intestine)
Esophagus
Rumen
4 Abomasum 2 Reticulum
Figure 21.12B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings