Cranes and Lifting Safety

Four Corners Safety Network

Presentation
 Construction in Oil and Gas
Code of Federal Regulations
• 1926.1400 Standard ( New 2010 )
• 1926.1427 Standard Licensing and Qualifications
• 1917.45 Cranes and Derricks
• 1960.59 Training of Employees
• 1910.180 Crawler Locomotive and Truck cranes
• 1910.179 Overhead cranes
• http://www.osha.gov/cranes-derricks/index.html
 New Mexico Regulations
• There is a bill being brought before the house
floor in Santa Fe that will bring New Mexico’s
Operator’s Council’s licensing Regulation in
line with the new OSHA regulations.
• Passed house unanimously and is on Senate
Floor.
 1926.1400 Standard ( New 2010 )
• New Cranes and Derricks regulation
• Went in effect Nov. 8th, 2010
• Applies to the construction side of OSHA
regulation
• Put into effect because of numerous crane
injuries and fatalities.
 ASME Standards
• ASME B56.1 Safety Standard for low lift and high lift trucks
• ASME B30.20 Below the Hook lifting devices
• ASME B30.9 Slings
• ASME B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes
• ASME B30.10 Hooks
• ASME B30.16Overhead hoists
• ASME B30.26Rigging Hardware
• ASME B30.22Articulating Boom Cranes
• ASME B30.11Monorails and Under-hung Cranes
• ASME B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes
• ASME B30.7 Base Mounted Drum Hoists
• ASME B30.6 Derricks
• ASME B30.14 Side Boom Tractors
• ASME B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems
 What do these rules and regulations
apply to?
This new standard applies to power-operated
equipment, when used in construction, that
can hoist, lower, and horizontally move a
suspended load.

(Very Broad Scope)

 What do these rules and regulations
apply to?
(not limited to this list)
• Mobile cranes
• Pipe Layers
• Overhead Cranes
• Telehandlers ( Exempted unless configured to
hoist)
• Forklifts (Exempted unless configured to hoist)
• Rig Up Trucks
• These are just examples & we do not cover
everything here on this list.
 When Do These Regulations Apply?
• Activities that fall under Construction
(29 CFR 1926)
• Construction activities when conducted in the
Oil and Gas Industry
• Example: Site Preparation is covered under
29 CFR 1926
When do these Regulations not apply?
• 1926.1400 Scope
– Exclusion
• ( c ) (11) Dedicated Drilling Rigs
• Activities that fall under General Industry
(29 CFR 1910)
• General Industry activities when conducted in
the oil and gas industry
• Example: Rigging Up and Rigging Down are
covered under 29 CFR 1910
 Good Safety Practice

It would be a Good Safety Practice to use this

standard when ever it may apply.

(because it makes good sense)

 Why?
• Broad scope of work in the oil and gas
industry
– All of these pieces of equipment are used typically
in the scope of work for construction of an oil field
site.
– They can all at some time use rigging to lift pieces
of equipment or materials.
– As a general rule they all have a load chart or
given lifting capacity.
 Discussion Topics
• Inspectors Defined
• Inspections
• Responsibility of Employer and Contractor
• Training
• Definition from OSHA
• Various Standards
 Inspectors
• Competent Person - means one who is
capable of identifying existing and predictable
hazards in the surroundings or working
conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or
dangerous to employees, and who has
authorization to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate them. ( Responsibility
lies with employer to decide who is
competent and meets definition)
• Qualified Person - means a person who, by
possession of a recognized degree, certificate,
or professional standing, or who by extensive
knowledge, training and experience,
successfully demonstrated the ability to
solve/resolve problems relating to the subject
matter, the work, or the project.
 Whew, so who is competent and who
is qualified.
• Basically, OSHA gives you a definition and the
employer is given the task of determining
whether a specific person is competent or
qualified to perform a specific task. A person
that is qualified to do one thing is not
necessarily qualified in something else, in
example: Diesel Mechanic can he work on a
crane boom assembly? Do you want a crane
inspector, inspecting the cam shaft on a diesel
engine?
 When does a crane need to be
inspected and by whom?
• Modified Crane--any time there is a
modification done to a crane, the modification
must be inspected by a qualified person.
• 1926.1434 is the full detail on this with
specific criteria
• Repaired/Adjusted Cranes--any time a crane
has had a repair to a component that relates
to safe operation, it must be inspected by a
qualified person prior to initial use.
• Shift inspection. OSHA no longer has a daily
inspection; they now call it a shift inspection.
It must done by a competent person. This
inspection has minimum requirements.
• Monthly Inspection…….the monthly inspection
is simply a documented inspection done by a
competent person. The employer is
responsible to maintain the last three monthly
inspections and they must be made available
to anyone doing an inspection on the crane.
• Annual/Comprehensive--This inspection must be
performed by a qualified person and must be
documented. Disassembly is required, as
necessary, to complete this inspection. To see the
full list of items to be inspected by individual item
please review the appropriate standard for the
piece of equipment being inspected.
• This inspection must include a functional test. If
any deficiency is identified, an immediate
determination must be made by a qualified
person as to whether the deficiency constitutes a
safety concern. If it is determined the deficiency is
a safety hazard, the crane must be taken out of
service until repairs are made.
• As before, the crane inspector is responsible to
inspect the crane based on knowledge,
experience, manufacturer’s guidelines, and the
regulations for the specific type of crane being
inspected. Inspectors must all know their
individual limitations and also be able to discern
whether they fit the category of a qualified person
for a specific type of crane. i.e.
• Example: An inspector may be very capable and
qualified to inspect a telescopic boom crane, but
doesn’t have the knowledge or background
needed to inspect a lattice boom friction crane. To
be qualified to inspect all crane types takes years
of experience along with training.
 Warning to Employer / Contractor
• If an accident happens, one of the first things
OSHA will look at is what procedures were in
place and who the qualified people were that
performed the inspection on a piece of
equipment if it was directly involved in the injury
or fatality.
• Just because an individual or third party
inspection service states they have the
qualifications does not remove employers from
being liable for what was performed or inspected
or repaired.
 Employer / Contractor Responsibility
(Multi Employer Doctrine)

• Have the knowledge about the requirements for

inspection. These are clearly laid out and defined
by OSHA or ASME standards. This includes having
someone on staff or a consultant who clearly
understands the rules as they apply to your
situation.
• Prime Contractor and Subcontractor
– Prime Contractor is not removed from the loop of
responsibility if they hired a subcontractor and the
subcontractor is completely out of compliance.
 Deficiencies on an inspection report
• Deficiencies
– Items from an inspection that need to be repaired
immediately. (could be daily, monthly or annual)
– Items that need repaired within 7 days per OSHA
rule and regulation due to repair parts being
ordered or unavailable immediately
– If an item poses an immediate threat or danger to
safe operation, the crane must be immediately
taken out of service until repaired.
 Recommendations in Inspection
Report
• Items that are recommended for safer use of
crane.
• Items that are recommended for safer
operator use of crane.
• Not mandated by law or by OSHA
 Inspections
• Inspections need completed by the correctly
chosen individual, either internally or third party.
Please read standard for correct definition of
qualified inspector.
• Inspections must meet OSHA standards per
correct regulation or ASME standards.
• Employer’s must understand the inspection
process & requirements thoroughly. This will
ensure that a completed inspection meets the
OSHA requirement.
• Once you have a completed inspection you
must follow through with correcting
deficiencies. Deficiencies must be repaired in a
timely fashion.
• The inspection report must be available within
8 hours to an OSHA inspector upon request.
Preferably keep one on the unit itself.
• Rigging, attachments must also have a
documented log of inspections as applicable to
the type of rigging.
 Inspections: What to look for
• 1. Does the inspector have the experience to
be inspecting my equipment? Can this be
verified?
• 2. Does the inspection form follow the ASME
or CFR guidelines for that piece of equipment?
Do I understand what is in the guideline?
Verify, by having the guideline in written
format. Example: If there are 100 items in
guideline, your inspection should have 100
line items as well.
• 3. If using third party, do they have trained
certified inspectors. Can you verify? Yes ask
for credentials or background paperwork.
• 4. After the inspection.
– Verify thoroughness
– Was it pencil whipped
– Did the inspector take the time to perform each
piece of inspection?
– Did they explain any issues? Deficiencies etc?
You are responsible for information even
though you hired someone else to perform
inspections.
 Repairs
• Repairs when corrected need documented
including date and inspection form updated
with repairs.
• Each section has some criteria for repairing
various pieces of equipment please review
standard to see what applies to your
equipment.
 Training
• Training of employees 1926.1430
– 29 CFR Part 1926
• Working Near Electricity (overhead powerlines), Signal
Person, Operator Qualification and Certification (very
stringent on requirements and qualifications)

• This section should be reviewed for your requirements.

 Design, Construction & Testing
• 1926.1433
– The following requirements apply to equipment
that has a manufacturer-rated hoisting/lifting
capacity of more than 2000 lbs.
• B30.5-1968
• B30.5-2004
This section applies to anything that meets the above
interpretation.
Please read section carefully for information that applies
to your situation.
 Derricks 1926.1436
• Gin Pole Derricks
– Testing
– Operations
– Design and Manufacture before this year and in
the future
– Operator Training
– Inspections
 Side Boom Cranes 1926.1440
• ASME B30.14-2004
– Sideboom cranes mounted on wheel or crawler
tractors must meet all of the following
requirements of ASME B30.14 – 2004
– This section has more detail please review
carefully.
 Equipment Rated for 2000 lbs or less-
1926.1441
• This section had too many pages for one slide.
OSHA basically makes every ASME standard
and every CFR rule that applies to other lifting
equipment applicable for anything that falls
under this category. If you designed it or you
are using it there is a rule for it, wire ropes,
training, safety devices, inspections etc. Please
read carefully if you have anything in this
category.
 San Juan Basin Common Mechanic
Crane Safety Issues.
• Hooks-Bent or Deformed
• Wire Ropes kinked or Damaged
• Safety overloads disabled to allow more capacity.
• Hydraulic Lines damaged from UV or weather
• Bent Booms caused from overloading from bypassing overload
system
• Suspension system damaged from not using outriggers to lift loads
• Using wrong type of wire rope or wrong size sheave blocks
• Inadequate hazard recognition for hoisting & rigging equipment
(counterfeit type equipment that do not meet standards)
• A2B Device disabled or non existent or inoperable
 San Juan Basin Larger Crane Common
Safety Issues
• Damaged Wire Ropes
• Damaged Sheaves
• Damaged Outriggers
• Hydraulic Leaks
• Inadequate outrigger pads / mats (pads not
made properly to hold point loading of
outrigger weight)
• Disabled or nonexistent A2B system
 Pipelayer Common Safety Issues
• Hooks Damaged
• Snatch Blocks Damaged
• Bent Poles
• Damaged Wire ropes
• Pins and Brackets damaged
• Cracked Welds
• Hydraulic Leaks
 Rigging Safety Issues
• Imported Shackles that do not meet the ASME
Standards
• Synthetic Slings in use that are damaged
– Oil soaked
– Cut
– Missing Information Tag
– Abrasion Damage
– Weld Damage
 Rigging Safety Issues
• Taglines-Not in good condition, oil soaked
• Wire Rope Sling-damaged sockets, kinked or
damaged wire rope
• Chains-damaged links, damaged hooks,
Incorrect hook pin
• Knots in Tag lines
• Homemade spreader beams without proper
engineering data.
 Safety Discussion
• The operator must have the authority to stop
and refuse to handle loads until a qualified
person has determined that safety has been
assured.
• This applies to any employee / operator
involved in the lift.
 Training
• Operator Qualification and certification
– The employer must provide at no cost to the
operator or employee the qualification training
and certification that is applicable to the
employee.
 Signals
• Signals to operator must be by hand, voice,
audible or new signals.
• The “Standard Method” must be used.
• Hand signal charts must be posted on
equipment or conspicuously posted in the
vicinity of hoisting operations.
 Wrap up
• Cranes and Lifting safety is a hot button from
an OSHA stand point. This includes:
regulation, inspection, training, operations
and equipment. Common sense and good
business management will ensure that you
have these issues handled within your own
organization. If you need help with any of
these regulations please visit the OSHA
website, contact your local OSHA consultant
or hire a consultant / advisor to help you.
Do not delay in getting these issues dealt with.

Be proactive and not reactive. Cranes and

lifting safety should be a priority in your
organization. The upfront costs to be in
compliance are minimal compared to hurting
someone or getting fined by a regulatory
agency.
Thank you!!!!