Chapter I

Rizal`s Family,
Childhood, And Early
Education
Rizal`s Birth
• Calamba , Laguna
June 19, 1861
June 22, 1861
Rev. Rufino Collantes
“Jose”
Father Pedro Casanas
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado
y Alonso Realonda
Rizal`s Ancestor
• Jose P. Rizal is a mixture of ancestry.
His Blood is a Mixture of East and West
Countries – Negrito, Indonesian, Malay,
Chinese, Japanese and Spanish.
 Rizal`s Paternal Ancestor
1. Domingo Lam-co – Rizal`s great-great grandfather, a Chinese
immigrant from Fukien city, Changelow, “China`s City of
Spring” He arrived in Manila in 1931.
2. Francisco Mercado- son of Domingo lam-co and Ines Dele
Rosa.
3. Juan Mercado – (Rizal`s Grand Father) is married to Cirila
Alejandro. A Chinese Filipino Mestiza. Like his father, Juan
Mercado was Elected Thrice as Gobernadorcillo of Binan.
4. Francisco Mercado- Rizal`s Father, the Youngest of the
thirteen children of Juan Mercado and Cirila Alejandro.
 Rizal`s Maternal Ancestor
1. Eugenio Ursua- of Japanese ancestry, was Rizal`s Maternal Great-
great grandfather , Rizal`s mother, Teodora descended from
lakan-dula, the last native King of Tondo. Eugnio Ursua married
Benigna.
2. Regina – the Daughter of Eugnio Ursua and Benigna. She married
Manuel Quintos, a Filipino Chinese Lawyer of Pangasinan but
became a prominent lawyer in Manila.
3. Brigida- one of the Daughter of Eugnio and Benigna, She married
Eng. Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a prominent Spanish- Filipino
Mestizo of Binan. He was awarded by Spain the “ Knight of Grand
Order Of Isabela the Church”. They have five children namely ;
Narcisa, Teodora( mother of Rizal) , Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose.
Rizal`s Family Tree
and Ancestry
Rizal`s Family Tree
Governor Narciso Clavoria in 1894 Provided
the Spanish Surnames

Francisco Mercado ( Rizal`s Father)

- Choose his own surname to Rizal, Rizal in
English means GreenField.

Rizal was the only child who used Rizal as his

surname.

His Parents , Brothers, Sisters and Relatives

preferred to use the old surname “ Mercado”.
Rizal`s Family
• Belong to the principales, a town consisting in Spanish
Philippines.
• Because of frugality and Industry, the family was able to
build a large stone house and bought four more different
size.
• Horse-Drawn carriage
• Big Home Library consisting of more than 1,000 volumes
• General goods store in town
• Flour-mill and home- made ham press
• In a addition, to farming rise, corn, and
sugarcane.
• Raised pigs, chicken, turkeys in their
background.
• Iilustrados or affluence
• A Wholesome Family – the Rizal Family
Rizal`s Parents
Francisco Mercado,
the Father of Rizal
April 18,1818 in
Binan, Laguna
Teodora Alonso
Realonda,
the Mother of Jose Rizal
November 14, 1827
The Rizal Children
Saturnina(1850-1913)
Paciano(1851-1930)
Narcisa(1852-1939)
Olympia(1855-1887)
Lucia (1857-1919)
Maria (1859-1945)
Jose (1861-1896)
Concepcion (1862-1865)
Josefa (1865-1945)
Trinidad (1868-1951)
Soledad (1870-1929)
Rizal`s Early Childhood Years
• Jose was designed by nature to be an artist
• Jose also owned a pony to have long rides and took long
walk with his big black dog named “Usman” and playing
with doves.
• Rizal was also good in hand tricks, performed magic lantern
exhibitions.
• The little boy spent also much of his time in the church.
• Rizal already knew how to respect the rights of others.
• He learned almost without the use of the books, (a brilliant
Child)
• Three uncles who were brothers of his mother also had
much influence of Rizal.
 A. Happiest Days of Rizal in Calamba

• He loved to climb fruit trees in their backyard

• He loved to watch the flows, birds and the
plants in the garden
• From his Azotea, he watched the moon in the
sky after the nightly rosary
• Takes a walk during moonlight night in the
town by the river and accompanied by his aya
Ina Munda.
B. Sorrows and Tragedies of Rizal`s Life
Death of his younger sister Concepcion (concha)
at the age of three.
The malicious charge that caused a tremendous
impact in the life of Rizal.
The Cavite uprising in 1872
The harsh treatment Rizal`s townmates had to
endure at the hands of Spanish Guardia Civil
The rude treatment to children and women.
Rizal`s Early
Education in Calamba
•Alphabet and Prayers
•Maestro Celetino
•Maestro Lucas Padua
•Leon Monroy
•Father Leoncio Lopez
•Dona Teodora
•Rizal`s (3) Uncles
Rizal`s Life
and
Education
in Binan
• June 1869 Rizal left Calamba for Binan
• On the same night Rizal and his cousin Leandro
• The next morning (Monday) he was bought by
Paciano
• Rizal learned Spanish
• Rizal was involved in several fights
• Rizal also learned Drawings and Paintings
• In academic Studies
• December 17, 1870 Rizal left Binan for Calamba
Rizal at Ateneo and UST ( First year term
1872-1873)
• In 1872
• Don Francisco
• Father Margin Fernando
• Paciano
• Father Jose Burgos
• Manuel Xerex Burgos
• Caraballo Street
• Education at Ateneo
• First day in Ateneo on June 1872
• Father Jose Bech
• At first Rizal was an Externo, a Carthinginian
occupying the end line but after one month, he
became a Emperor, he was awarded that time
with Religious pictures as a prize.
• During his noon Recesses, he look private lessons
in Santa Isabel College
• Second rank
• Rizal returned to Calamba in March 1873 for
summer vacation
• Saturnina bring Jose in Tanauan
• 1873, returned to Manila to enroll second year
term
• He was boarded inside Intramuros at no.6 ,
Magallanes Street at the house owned by Dona
Pepang an old widow.
Rizal Second Year term (1873- 1874)
•Maestro Cruz
•Emperor
•Topography
•Agriculture
•March 1874
Summer Vacation
He went to Santa Cruz
His mother told his son of her
dream
Began to take interest in reaching
Romantic tales, love stories,
romantic novels, fiction, and non-
Fiction Stories.
 Third year term (1874- 1875)
• At the opening of the school year in June 1874,
her mother arrived and joyously told him that
she was released from prison and Rizal’s
prediction became true.
• Despite the family happiness, Rizal did not
make an excellent showing unlike in the
previous year. Though he was excellent to all
subjects, he won one medal in Latin. He did not
win the medal in Spanish. He was beaten by a
Spanish student who naturally speak Spanish
• By the end of march 1875, he returned to
Calamba for a summer vacation.
 Fourth year term (1876- 1876)
• He returned to Manila in June 1876 for his
fourth-year term
• He finished his last term in Bachelor of
Arts and obtained the highest grades
(excellent – 97% to 100%) in all subjects –
Philosophy, Biology, Chemistry, Languages,
Mineralogy, Zoology, Etc
• He graduated as a Valedictorian in a
commencement day held on March
23,1877. He was only nearly 16 years old.
Rizal`s Higher
Education and Life
Abroad
Rizal's higher
Education at
UST
• In April, when Rizal was nearly 16 years
old, he enrolled at UST. He took up
Philosophy and letters.
• At first, he was attracted to a priesthood (
Jesuit Priest). The Jesuit Father wanted
him to take up farming but Rizal's choice
was between literature and Law and
Medicine.
• Having received Father Pablo Ramon’s (
Rector of Ateneo) advice to study
medicine, he took up medical course
enrolling simultaneously in pre- medical
course and regular medical course.
• While at UST, he also studied at Ateneo taking
up vocational course leading to the title perito
agrimensor ( expert surveyor). He excelled in all
subjects in surveying course and obtained gold
medals in Agriculture and Topography.
• He passed the final examination in the
surveying course and granted the title as
surveyor in Nov. 25, 1881.
• . He was elected as President of the Academy of
Spanish Literature and Secretary of the Academy
of Spanish Literature. He was also a secretary of
the Marian Congregation
While at UST, he fell in love with 3 women.
• First year- "Miss L" a woman with a fair ,
seductive and attractive eye. The romance died
because of two reasons: 1. The sweet memory
of Segunda Katigbak ( First sweetheart of Rizal)
2. Rizal's father did not like the family of "Miss
L".
• During his sophomore year, he courted Leonor
Valenzuela (Orang) a tall girl with regal bearing.
He sent her love notes in invisible ink ( table
salt And water)
• During his junior year, Rizal had a romance
with Leonor Rivera of Camiling Tarlac, Leonor
was a frail, pretty girl and a student of La
Concordia College. Both Rizal and Leonor were
engaged. Rizal used a name "Taimis".
• Rizal studied at UST from 1878 to 1882. His
grade in the Medicine subject consisted of 2.
Excellent, 3 very good, 8 good and 2 fair
• (Physics, General, Pathology). The subjects
he got excellent grades were Cosmothology,
Metaphysics, Theodicy, History and
Philosophy and Chemistry and Therapeutics
in Medicine (UST).
• * During his college days at UST and Ateneo,
Rizal was involved in brawls and Spanish
brutality.
• Unlike in Ateneo, Rizal was unhappy at UST
because the Dominican University professors
were hostile to him, the Filipinos who were called
indios were discriminated by the Spaniards and
the method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
• After completing the fourth year term in
medicine, Rizal decided to study in Spain because
he could no longer endure the discrimination
and oppression at UST and because in Spain, the
professors were more liberal than those in UST.
 RIZAL`S
TRAVEL, LIFE
AND EDUCATION
ABROAD
• Dr. Jose rizal was considered as the "most
travelled filipino hero"
• He travelled to almost 20 countries and
about 40 island cities.
• July 3, 1887
• Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a
French port.
• On this streamer were so passengers, 4
English men, 2 German, 3 Chinese, 2
Japanese, 1filipino (Rizal) and many
French men, Rizal was only passenger who
could speak many languages.
• July 30, 1887
• In Saigon he transferred to another streamer
Haiphong.
• August 2, 1887
• Streamer Haiphong left Saigon for manila.
• Rizal slept soundly while the streamer was on its
voyage.
• August 5, 1887
• The streamer Haiphong arrived in manila.
• Five years ago he stayed in the city for a short time
to visit his friends.
• August 8, 1887
• Rizal returned home to Calamba he was met
affectionately.
• However, his family became worried for his safety.
Rizal's First
Trip Abroad
• Rizal's secret departure- he wrote farewell letter to his
parents and sweet heart Leonor.
• May 3, 1882- to transfer at the Universidad Central de
Madrid in Spain and to finish his medicine course.
• May 8, 1882- On his way to Spain, he saw the
Botanical garden, the famous Buddhist Temple and the
founder of Singapore, sir Thomas Standford Raffles.
• May 11, 1882- He was on board the steamer Djemnah.
• May 17, 1882- He arrived at Point Galle.
• May 18, 1882- He had a stopover at Colombo.
• May 28, 1882- Reached Cape of Guardafin, Africa and
Eden.
• June 2, 1882- Rizal arrived at the suez canal en route to
Marseilles
June 2, 1882- Rizal arrived at the suez canal en
route to Marseilles
June 11, 1882- Rizal disembarked and
accompanied by a guide went around the city
of Naples for one hour
June 12, 1882- Rizal visited famous chateau
d`ef where Dantes, the hero of The Count Of
Monte Cristo was Jailed.
June 15, 1882- Rizal left Marseilles for
Barcelona in an express train
June 16, 1882- Rizal arrived Barcelona Spain
 Life in Barcelona- Rizal meets his
classmates in Ateneo, Rizal
received two bad news 1st the
cholera outbreak that ravaged
Manila, 2nd the getting thinner of
Leonor Rivera due to the absence
of a loves one.
• November 3, 1882- He enrolled in the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
Life in Madrid- rigidly budgeting his money
wisely, visited his friends house, when visits
Ortegas house he became attracted by Consuelo's
beauty and charm.
During his stay in Barcelona and Madrid, hard
times occurred in Calamba, Paciano forced to sell
Rizal's pony.
● June 21, 1884- Rizal was conferred the licentiate
in Medicine.
● June 24, 1884- Rizal attended Greek language
class and won gold medal
● November 20, 1884- The serene city of madrid
exploded in bloody riots by the student of the
central university.
● June 19, 1885- Awarded the degree of Licentiate
in Philosophy and letters.
● June 25, 1885- Rizal was invited to speak in a
banquet to celebrate the double victory of two
Filipino artist.
●October 1885- Rizal visited Maximo Viola in Paris
● November 1885- Rizal went to Paris and lived
there for 4months where he work as an assistant to
Dr. Louis de Wecket a leading French
Ophthalmologist.
● February 1886- Rizal went to Heidelberg Germany.
● June 25, 1886- Rizal left Wilhelmsfeld.
● July 3, 1886- Rizal wrote his first letter in
German to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt.
● August 9, 1886- Rizal arrived at Leipzig.
● August 14, 1886- He attended some
lectures at the University Of Leipzig in History
and Psychology.
● October 29, 1886- Rizal left Leipzig for
Dresden
● November 1, 1886- Rizal left Dresden by
train reaching Berlin in the evening
 Life in Berlin- Rizal became impressed
in Berlin because of its scientific
atmosphere and absence of Racial
race. He worked assistant, During
winter Rizal lived in poverty, after
several months Rizal received
Paciano`s remittance of 1,000 and
Rizal paid viola 300 for printing Noli
Me Tangere.
Rizal went to Berlin to five reasons;

1. To increase his knowledge in

Ophthamology.
2. To broaden his studies of sciences and
languages.
3. To observe political and economic
conditions of Germany
4. To associate with famous German scientist
and scholars
5. To publish his novel Noli Me Tangere
● May 11, 1887- Rizal and Viola Berlin for Dresden.
● May 13, 1887- Rizal and Viola on board a train reached
Leitmeritz.
● May 17, 1887- Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train on
their way to the city of Prague.
● May 19, 1887- Rizal and Viola went to Brun City,
nothing of importance.
● May 20, 1887- Rizal and Viola arrived in the city of
Vienna.
● May 24, 1887- Rizal and Viola left in Vienna.
● June 2-3 1887- Continued their trip and reached Basel
Bern Lausenne they crossed the foggy lake of Geneva.
● June 6, 1887- Rizal and Viola reached Geneva,
Switzerland and lodged in bel air, Rizal received sad news
from Philippines.
● June 19, 1887- Rizal's 26th birthday, he treated viola
and wrote Blumentritt regarding an industrial exhibition.
After 5years Rizal decided to return
Philippines.
● June 23, 1887- Rizal and Viola parted ways.
● June 24, 1887- from Geneva, Rizal went to
Italy and visited Turin, Milan, Venice and
Florence.
● June 27, 1887- Rizal reached Rome the
"Eternal City" and the City of Caezar.
● June 29, 1887- Rizal visited for the first time
the Vatican the " City of the Popes" and the
Capital of the Christiandom.
● June 29, 1887- Rizal wrote to his father
announcing that he is coming home.
Paciano, Silvestre and his other friends warned
Rizal not to return because of the publication
of his Noli Me Tangere but he was determined
to go back.
For the following reasons;
1. To operate on his mother's eyes
2. To serve the Filipinos people who were
opposed by the Spanish tyrants.
3. To determine how his " Noli Me Tangere" and
other writings affected the Filipinos and
Spaniards
4. To inquire on the condition of Leonor Rivera.
● July 3, 1887- Rizal left Rome.
● July 30, 1887- In Saigon he transferred to
another steamer Haiphong which is bound for
Manila.
● August 2, 1887- Steamer Haiphong left
Saigon For Manila.
● August 5, 1887- Haiphong arrived in
Manila.
● August 8, 1887- Rizal returned home to
Calamba
Rizal`s Brief
Stay in
Calamba
•Rizal Establish a Medical Clinic in
Calamba.
•Six months stay in Calamba
•A few weeks after Rizal`s arrival in
Calamba
•Governor General Emilio Terrero
•Lieutenant Jose Taviel de Andrande
•Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez,
Jose Bech and father Federico
Poura
Rizal`s Second Trip to Abroad
• February 3, 1888 - Rizal left in Manila for
Hongkong on abroad the Zafiro.
• February 7, 1888- the steamer made a brief
stopover at Amoy
• Feb. 8, 1888- arrived in Hongkong, a British
colony and Stayed at Victoria Hotel, Jose Maria
Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte.
• Feb. 18, 1888 – Rizal and Basa visited Macao, a
Portuguese colony.
-Ku- Kiang
- Don Juan Francisco Lecaros
• Feb. 20, 1888 – Rizal and Basa returned to
Hongkong.
• Feb. 21, 1888 –Jose Sainz de Varonda, a Spaniard.
• Feb. 22, 1888- Rizal left in Hongkong, on board the
Oceanic, an American steamer for Japan. His Cabin
mate was a British Protestant missionary who
lived in China for 27 Years.
• Feb. 28, 1888 – Rizal arrived at Yokohama, Japan
and registered at Grand Hotel
• Feb. 29, 1888- He proceed to Tokyo and took a
room at Tokyo Hotel where he stayed for 6 days.
Land of the Cherry Blossoms.
• Juan Perez Caballero- Secretary of the Spanish
Legation
• Seiko- San – a pretty Japanese girl and her real
name is Seiko Usui, But Rizal called her O- Sei- San
• April 13, 1888 – Rizal boarded the Belgic, and English
steamer bound for the U.S
-Techno Suchero – a Japanese Newspaperman
-643 Chinese
• April 28, 1888- Rizal and all passengers permitted to land.
Registered at Palace Hotel
- George Cleveland
• May 6, 1888 – 4:30 P.M Rizal left to San Francisco to
Oklanda.
• May 7, 1888 – Rizal boarded a train for trip across
content.
-May 7 at Reno, Nevada
- May 8, Utah, Ogden, Denver
 - Maay 9, Colorado
- May 10, Nebraska
- May 11, Chicago
- May 12, Canada ( an English territory)
- May 13, Albany
-May 13, at 11:10 A.M
• May 13, 1888 – Rizal reached New York on
Sunday Morning.
- The Big Town
• May 18, 1888 – Rizal Left New York for
Liverpool on board the City of Rome.
• 2 years after Rizal`s visit to America, Jose Alejandro, his
roommate in Brussels asked Rizal on his sad and good
Impression of America.
• America is a progressive nation with Great Cities, huge
farms, flourishing industries and busy factories, the
standard of living there is high and better opportunities
for better life especially the poor immigrants.
• The American people is Energetic and hard-working.
• The Bad Impression of Rizal in America were;
- Racial prejudice existed
- Democracy and freedom were only in words; not
Practiced
- No true civil Liberty
• Rizal said that America is the Land of par excellence of
freedom but only for whites.
• May 25, 1888- he went to London and stayed there
for a short time as guest at the home of Dr. Antonio
Ma. Regidor, a practicing lawyer in London and exile of
1872.
• Later he lodge at 37 Chalcot, Crescent, Primrose Hill.
He boarded Beckett Family. Mr. Beckett was the
Organist of St. Paul`s Church
• Gertrude called “Gettie” or “Tottie” was the oldest of
the Beckett sisters.
• Rizal spent Sundays in the house of Dr. Reinhold Rost,
the librarian of the ministry of foreign affairs and the
Authority of Malayan Languages.
• Rizal played cricket (English Game) and boxed with
Dr. Rost Son.
• Rizal also spent most of his time in the British Musuems
annotating Morga`s Book , Successos de los Islas Filipinas (
Historical Events of the Philippines Island), published in
Mexico in 1609. for about ten months , Rizal was deeply
immersed in his Historical Studies in London.
• While Rizal is in London , he Received bad and good new,
and the bad news is;
1. Persecution of Filipino patriots who signed the petition
addressed to the Queen Regent of Spain requesting the
expulsion of the friars in the Philippines . The petition is
signed by M.H Del Pilar and 800 patriots;
2. Attacks on Rizal by Senator Salamanca a nd Vida in the
Sapnish Cortes and Wenceslao E. Retana or
“Desenganos” or Pablo Feced or “Quipquiap” in the
Spanish newspapers;
3. Persecution of Rizal` Family and Calamba farmers
for their courage to petition the government for
agrarian reforms
4. The Exile of Manuel T. Hidalgo( husband of
Saturnina), by Governor- general Weyler to Bohol
without due process;
5. Arrest and Jailing of Rizal`s friend Lauriano Viado in
Bilibid Prison because of copies of Noli found in the
house.
• September 1888 – Rizal visited Paris for a week to
search for more Historical materials in the Biblioteque
Nationale. He was entertained by Juan Luna and wife
Paz Pardo de Tavera,and showed their son Andres
(luling).
• December 11, 1888 – he went to Spain again and
visited Madrid and Barcelona. He went to visit M.H Del
Pilar and Mariano Ponce, to Great leaders of Propaganda
Movement.
• December 24, 1888 – Christmas and New Year with the
Beckett Family. Rizal wrote and sent Blumentritt as a
Christmas Gift – a bust of Emperor Agustus which he
made.
• Dr. Carlos Czepelak – a bust of Julius Ceasar as a
Christmas Gift
• Mrs. Beckett give a Christmas gift it`s a book entitled
“the life and adventures of Valentine Vox, the
Ventriloquist”.
• December 31, 1888 – a Patriotic society establish
and inaugurated called Association of La Solidaridad
with Rizal as honorary President. The officers were;
- Galicano Apacible, Pres; Graciano Lopez Jaena, VP;
Manuel Santa Maria, Sec; Mariano Ponce, Trea; Jose
Ma. Panganiban, accountant.
• January 14, 1889 – Rizal wrote Blumentritt of his
proposal ro establish the “International Association
of Filipinologists” and have its inaugural in the
French Capital. Blumentritt gladly supports him.
• January 28, 1889- Rizal wrote a letter addressed to
the members of “Association La Solidaridad”.
• Febuarary 15, 1889- Graciano Lopez Jaena founded
the fortnightly patriotic newspaper, La Solidaridad
in Bacelona – the organ of Propaganda Movement.
The aims of La Solidaridad;
1. To work for peaceful political and social reforms
in the Philippines
2. To portray the deplorable conditions of the
Philippines so that Spain may remedy them
3. To oppose the evil forces of reaction
4. To advocate liberal ideas and progress
5. To champion the legitimate aspirations of the
Filipino people life, democracy and happiness
• March 19, 1889- from London, Rizal went to Paris.
He organized compatriots into a society called
Kidlat Club which would bring together the young
filipinos in this French Capital so that they could
Enjoy their sojourn in the city during the Spanish
duration of the Paris Universal Exposition.
• May 6, 1889- attend the opening ceremonies of
Universal Exposition of Paris, Rizal saw the cutting
of ribbon by Pres. Sodi Carnot of the French Rep.
• The greatest attraction was the Eiffel Tower built by
Alexander Eiffel
• Felix Hidalgo painting won second prize, Felix Pardo
de Tavera and Juan Luna`s won third prize, while
the painting of Rizal was not qualified for exhibition.
• June 24, 1889- Rizal stood as a baptismal Godfather to
a baby girl born to Juan Luna and Paz Pardo Tavera.
She was their second child and Rizal named the baby
girl “Marie de la Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda,
Juana y Pardo de Tavera.
• August 1889- Rizal scheduled the holding of inaugural
convention of the “International Association of
Filipinologists” in Paris. The officer of the associaton ;
-Pres. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt ( Austrian)
-Vice. Mr. Edmund Plauchat (French)
-Counselor. Dr. Reinhold Rost ( Anglo- German)
- Counselor. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino- Spanish)
- Sec. Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)
• September 21, 1889- Rizal founded another society called
Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the Malays) with
initials R.D.L.M. some members were; Gregorio Aguilar, Jose
Ma. Basa, Julio Dorente, M.H Del Pilar, Mariano Ponce,
Baldomero Roxas, Father Jose Maria Chongco ( Filipino
priest).
• December 25,1889- Rizal and Jose planed to have an
sumptuous dinner by preparing a Christmas dinner. Last
Dinner of Rizal in Paris.
• January 15,1890- he left Paris for two reasons;
1. The cost of living in the Paris is very High and his money is
Dwindling
2. The gay social life of the city that hampered his literary
works, esp. writing his second novel El Filibusterismo.
• June 20, 1890- M.H Del Pilar serve as lawyer of Rizal
in land case appealed to the Supreme Court in
Spain. Rizal Family lost this case against the
Dominican in Manila.
• July 9,1890- Rizal wrote Mariano ponce, Graciano
Lopez Jaena`s plan of going to Cuba. Yellow fever in
Cuba.
• July 18, 1890- Rizal also wrote ponce of his
determination to go home because of the suffering
that affects his family.
• His family, friends, relatives are persecuted.
• July 19,1890- Rizal wrote Ponce on his desire to
leave Brussels to go to Madrid. Rizal has amorous
relationship with Suzanne Jacoby, a Petite Belgian
girl. She cried when Rizal left toward the end of July
1890 for Madrid.
• Early in August 1890 - Rizal arrived in Madrid, he
immediately sought the help of Filipino colony, the
association- hispano filipina and the liberal Spanish news
paper in order to protest the injustices committed by
governor General Valerano Weyler and the Dominican friars
Against the Calamba people.
• August 19 1890 - Rizal received a sad news on the untimely
death of his friend Jose Ma Panganiban co-workers in the
propaganda movement, Panganiban died in Barcelona
• August 30 1890 - Rizal attended a social reunion of the
Filipino in Madrid
• Juan Luna who was no longer sober and was jealous of Rizal
because he was frustrated with his romance with Nellie
Boustead. He challenge a latter duel on another occasion
Rizal challenge Wenceslao E. Retana his better enemy,
Retana used to attack the Filipino including Rizal in various
newspaper in Madrid and other cities in Spain
• September 6 1890 -Paciano (Rizal) Antonio(Lopez)
Silvestre( Ubaldo) Teong (Mateo Elejorde) and Dandoy
(dr. Jose Rizal relative) were arrested
• December 1980 -Rizal received a letter from Leonor
Rivera announcing he coming marriage to an
Englishman and asking his forgiveness
• Late part of December 1890 -Rizal & M.H del Pilar (
rizlas fearless lawyer- journalist) were rivals for
leadership supremacy
• January 1 1891 - About 90 Filipino met on new years
day to patch up Rizal and del Pilar's differences and to
intensity the campaign for Reform
• February 1 1891 - Rizal left Madrid for Biarritz where
he had a brief vacation, he stayed as a guest at the
Bousted family, he fell in love with Nellie of nelly, the
romance did not have a happy ending for 2 reasons
1. Rizal refuse to give up his Catholic faith and
converted to Protestantism
2. Nelly's mother didn't like Rizal as her son in law
• February 4 1891 - M.H del Pilar teased Rizal to change
the "O" In NOli to E means Noli to NElly or NEllie
• February 7 1891 -The Filipino put up responsible , a
leader to direct the affairs of the Filipino community
to determine the editorial policy of the La Solidaridad
• March 28 1891 - He finished writing the manuscript of
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• April 4 1891 -From Paris Rizal wrote his friend Jose
Ma. Basa who was in Hong Kong of his desire to go to
British colony, first steamer ticket from Europe to
Hong Kong
• April 15 1891 - Rizal went to brussels where he was
happily received by a Jacoby land ladies and by petite
Suzanne.
• May 1 1891 -Rizal notified the propaganda
authorities in manila to cancel his allowance and
devoted money to the education of young Filipino
student in Europe. Simultaneous with his retirement
in propaganda and ceased writing articles for La
Solidaridad
• May 30 1891 -Rizal almost completed the revision of
El Filibustirismo and readied it for printing
• June 13 1891 -Rizal informed Basa that he was
negotiating with a printing firm for the painting of his
file.
• July 5 1891 -Rizal left Brussel for Ghent, He lived in a
cheap boarding house with Jose Alejandro who
became a general during the Filipino American war of
1899-1890
• August 7 1891 -Rizal receive a letter from M.H. del
Pilar requesting him to resume writing for the La
Solidaridad
• October 3 1891- Rizal left Ghent for Paris
• October 17 1981- From Paris he went to Marseilles
• October 18 1891-Rizal boarded a steamer Melbourne
bound for Hongkong, he brought 600 copies of file
• November 20 1891-He arrived in Hongkong, met his
friend Jose Ma. Basa, he opened his medical clinic
where he treated many patients American, British,
Chinese and Portuguese
• December 21 1891-Rizal wrote his parents asking
permission to return home. Manuel L. Hidalgo sent
Rizal a letter revealing to despair and sorrow of the
Rizal family
• December 24 1891-Rizal was gladdened by the arrival
of his father, brothers, and Silvestre Ubaldo in
Hongkong, after wards his mother and sisters Lucia,
Josefina and Trinidad also arrived
• December 25 1891-It was one of the happiest
Yuletide celebration in Rizal's life
• January 31 1892- Rizal wrote Blumentritt recounting
their pleasant life in Hong Kong
• March 7 1892-Rizal went to Sandakan on board the
ship MENON to negotiate with the British authorities
for the establishment of a Filipino colony
• April 20 1892-Rizal back to Hong Kong. Rizal's friend
Lopez Jeana expressed his desire to join the colony.
Hidalgo brother in law of Rizal, objected the
colonization project
• May 8 1892-Rizal wanted to return to Manila to
confer with gov. Despujol regarding the Borneo
colonization project to establish La Liga Filipina in
manila to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in
attacking him in Madrid
• June 1892-He wrote "la mano Roja" (The red
hand) in sheet form denouncing the frequent
outbreak of international fire in manila
• June 21 1892-Rizal and his sister Lucia left Hong
Kong for manila. Spanish consul-general who
issued him government guarantee of safety
informed manila that the victim is on trap
hence a secret case was filed in manila against
Rizal
• June 26 1892- Rizal and his sister Lucia arrived
in manila 😉
The Propaganda
Movements
• A Campaign of information as well as a bid for Sympathy
• Campaign by the Native Filipino
• Movement started to 1880 up to 1886
• 1880 and 1895- critical period of activity
• Dr. Domingo Abella- former director of National Archives
• Propaganda was misnamed
• Prominent Members of Propaganda Movements
-Jose Rizal- Author of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
-Graciano Lopez Jaena- published the La Solidaridad, the
Movement`s principal Organ
-Marciano Ponce- The movement`s Secretary
-Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• The Aims of Propaganda Movements;
1. Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes
Generales, the Spanish parliament
2. Secularization of the Clergy
3. Legality of Spanish and Filipino equality
4. Creation of a public school system independent
of Catholic Friars
5. Abolition of Polo y Servicios (labor Service) and
the bandala (forced sale of local products to
government)
6. Guarantee the basic Freedom
7. Equal opportunities for Filipino`s and Spanish to
enter government services
Rizal relationship with Others
Propagandists
*Antonio Luna
• - In 1889 a spanish writer Pablo Mir Deas attacked Antonio
Luna in the Barcelona newspaper "El Pueblo Soberano" As
Rizals defense of his friend Luna he wrote the
"Inconsequencias" published on Nov.30 1889
• - Rizal challenged Antonio to a duel in a party held by
Filipinos in Madrid the intoxicated Antonio Luna made
negative comments against Nellie Bousted
• *Graciano Lopez Jaena
• -Rizal once reproved Graciano for not finishing his medical
studies. Jaena figuratively explained " On the shoulders of
slaves should not rest a doctors cape. Rizal however
retorted " The shoulders do not honor the doctors cape but
the doctors cape honors the shoulders.
• *Mariano Ponce -The one who introduced Del Pilar to Rizal
-upon knowing Plaridel's identity through Ponce Rizal had then
befriended Del Pilar (Plaridel)
- Ponce willingly helped Rizal's in distribution of the Noli me
tangere
• *Jose Alejandrino -He is the editorial staff of La Solidaridad
-Roommate of Rizal in Belgium . He is the one who canvassed
the printing press for El Filibusterismo
-Helped Rizal in correcting errors in El Fili. Might have been the
first person to read the novel aside from the author
• *Edilberto Evangelista -he befriended and collaborated with
filipino expatriates in Europe like Rizal .
-Rizal counseled him to take engineering in Belgium
-Evangelista who had in his possession Jose Rizals Noli me
tangere and El fili. Was one of those arrested and imprisoned
THE RIZAL
DISAPPROVAL
OF ASSIMILATION
• Two myths have been perpetuated in the history of the late 19th
century Philippine Nationalist Movement
•The first myth is Rizal was a bourgeoisie of the Philippines to Spain.
•The second myth is pits Rizal and his LaLiga Filipna against Bonifacio
and his Katipunan. This myth asserts that Bonifacio was a poor and
unlettered laborer, and that the Katipunan was an organization of the
“poor and ignorant” masses.
• These two myth, which constitute a distortion of the past, have
prevented the past colonial generation of Filipinos from gaining a
better understanding of their nation’s history
• Jose Rizal Brindis Speech-“The toast in a restaurant brindis” is spanish
term which means “toast”. This speech of Rizal was toast of honoring
Juan Luna and Felix Ressurection Hidalgo, winners of international
painting competition at the “Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes de
Madrid”
• Juan Luna was the winner of a gold medal for his painting “El
Spoliarium” and Felix Ressurection Hidalgo, winner of a silver medal
for his painting “Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho”
• Rizal speech was delivered in the restaurant ingles, madrid on the
evening of June 25,1884.