Haerani Rasyid
Tingkatan Penyakit Ginjal Kronik
3A dan 3B
Pengkajian Awal Perawat berisi
SKRINING GIZI 1x24 jam
1. Apakah ada
penurunan BB
dalam 6 bulan
terakhir..?
Bila ya, berapa kg
penurunan BB
nya?
2. Apakah asupan
makan menurun
karena kurang
nafsu makan ?
Total skor : ≥ 2
beresiko malnutrisi
Pengkajian Awal Dokter
1x 24 jam berisi Preskripsi Diet
Diagnosis Gizi :
Problem (masalah)
Etiologi (penyebab)
Sign/symtom (tanda/gejala)
Intervensi :
Perecanaan
Implementasi
Monitoring evaluasi :
Respon intervensi
(ADA 2008)
Mengatur Makanan Pada
Penyakit Ginjal Kronik…?
Nutrisi/Gizi = Makanan
Nutrition Related
Problems
Excessive fluid
intake NI-3.2
Tujuan Pemberian Diet
Pada Pre Dialisis (eLFG<15 ml/mt)
Sumber Protein
kacang2an dan hasil
olahnya seperti tempe,
tahu, kac.kedele, kac ijo
kecuali vegetarian
Tujuan Diet :
Mencukupi kebutuhan zat gizi & membantu
mempertahankan dan memperbaiki status
gizi mencapai optimal
Menjaga keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit
Hal Penting pada pasien HD
Lemak : 1 g/kgBB/hari/hari
Air : Liberal
Malnutrisi Morbiditas
pd PGK Mortalitas
ALUR PERENCANAAN TERAPI NUTRISI
Admission
Inpatient
Evaluation of care no Discharge
care setting longer planning
Acute required
Patient inpatient
screening Not at risk care
required Progressing
toward goals
At risk
Development Implementation Goals
Patient of nutrition of nutrition
Patient Termination
assessment care plan
monitoring achieved of therapy
care plan
Change in
status
Patient
reassessment
and updating
of nutrition
care plan
se te t
tlie
SKRINING STATUS GIZI
Yes: If the answer is ‘Yes’ to any question, the final screening is performed.
No: If the answer is ‘No’ to all questions, the patient is re-screened at weekly intervals.
If the patient e.g. is scheduled for a major operation, a preventive nutritional care plan is
considered to avoid the associated risk status.
FINAL SCREENING II
Impaired nutritional status Severity of disease
(increase in requirements)
Absent Normal nutritional Absent Normal nutritional
status requirements
Mild Score 1 Wt loss > 5% in 3 mos or Mild Score 1 Hip fracture* Chronic
Food intake below 50–75% patients, in particular with
of normal requirement in acute complications:
cirrhosis*, COPD*.
preceding week
Chronic hemodialysis,
diabetes, oncology
PENILAIAN STATUS NUTRISI
(NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT)
• Merupakan proses diagnosis yang dapat menentukan derajat
beratnya malnutrisi dan risiko komplikasi yang dapat terjadi
akibat malnutrisi
• Meliputi :
• Anamnesis
• Pemeriksaan fisik
• Test fungsional
• Parameter laboratorium
Metode Penilaian Status Nutrisi
PENILAIAN NUTRISI
PENILAIAN STATUS NUTRISI:
ANTROPOMETRI
ANTROPOMETRI
Khusus renal :
IMT : < 23kg/m2 risiko malnutrisi (ISRNM)
Ideal : 22 – 26 kg/m2 (Dietitian Association Guidelines)
Original stimulus
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ANZDA TA
(A)Anthropometry-
Girth and Sklnfolds measurements
Examples
• oc Fat mass (FM}
- Tricep skinfolds (TSF) -
- Waist t o hip ratios
- Waist circumference (WC)
Skin fold
Thickness
Skin fold thickness is measured by lightly pinching the skin and subcutaneous fat layers to separate them from the underlying muscle tissue (figure 2). Pinching the
fat fold too firmly will change the result, so the initial grasp of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is
critical to an accurate measure. The spring-loaded pressure calipers are applied until the needle on the dial comes to a stop.
(A) Anthropometry- Waist circumference
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i (
.
/
rille
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'fu ,
Male >94cm 1> 2cm
Fema le >8 0 cm I> 8 8 a n
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• Albumin
• Jumlah limfosit
• Serum transferrin
• Serum pre-albumin
• Total iron-binding capacity
• Serum cholesterol
PENILAIAN STATUS NUTRISI:
PARAMETER KLINIK
Teknik :
• Sistem skoring yang menggambarkan penilaian
klinis dari pemeriksa
• tidak memerlukan test laboratorium
• Multidisiplin (dokter, perawat, ahli gizi)
• Cepat , mudah dan murah
• Direkomendasikan oleh KDOQI
SGA
l o o k for dai'X circles (unusual for the patient). Touch the eye just abovethe cheek bone .:.
U. should feel somewhat putty. Evaluate me fat pad i1relation toweight change and fluid
status. Eyes may be difficult io anessin some patients due to ethnic differences and nuid
status. If unclear,move to bleeps and triceps.
(G)
Top Wt: )'OWl& w n, r.o wt lo,.., no ....,.,.fluid.
Top d...f=.rly "1!"1 7 .30 1b 1-o.ss sr.zh1.=. X 3 m.cr:t tks1snll m (5)
•· ·asud (4 ·5)
Bouom.
r!"'V rigis: muldle. •gai man no \\l toss or ucus fund_ -·ncrm•i" fer hll"r..(6-7}
Bottom Wt: middle ax6tf. wom.an. • • 6 morah wt loss, no Uta flu.tl!, shY " Acknow ledgement:
McCann, L & Steiber, A
l t l t : t t d *0""11'1 ..._:n30tbJo.ss bu! 5t4bla!d (5-6
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INTERPRETASI MIS
1.33 0.01
Creatinine
(1.06-1.65)
(every 1 mg/dL )
1.51 0.01
Cholesterol (1.10-2.09)
(every 10 mg/dL )
1.13 0.001
CRP (1.05-1.22)
(every 10 ng/mL )
37
RINGKASAN