Endogenetic processes and landforms

Group members: Fung Ka Yan (8)

Lau Chui Ying (16)
Wong Ming Kong (32)
Yeung Ka Wai (38)
Luke Gilbert (45)
 Introduction
In this presentation we will talk about
endogenetic processes and landforms
work, and how the earth movements
produce landforms between the
Philippine plate and Pacific plate.
 Endogenetic Processes
 The ground we live on is moving all the
time.Endogenetic Forces, are Forces within the earth
that cause the ground to move. Rock layers at the
surface of the earth are broken, twisted and shaken
when the ground moves. Land is destroyed in many
places and created in other places. When the land is
shaped by endogenetic Forces we call this endogentic
processes.
 There are 3 main endogenetic processes: folding,
faulting and vulcanicity. They take place mainly along
the plate boundaries, which are the zones that are
not stable. Endogenetic processes cause many major
landform features.
 Folding

 Folding is one of the endogenetic

processes.When two forces push towards each
other from opposite sides, the rock layers will
bend into folds. The process by which folds are
formed are due to compressional forces known as
folding.
There are large-scale and small-scale folds. Large-
scale folds are found mainly along destructive plate
boundaries.
 Faulting
 Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock
strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or
compression.
 A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is called a fault.
 The process of forming a fault is faulting.
 The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as fault
line. These lines are often lines of weakness which allow molten
rock to rise up onto the earth surface when there is active
volcanic activity nearby.
 There are three types of fault which are caused by different
endogenetic forces:
- Normal fault
- Reverse fault
- Tear fault
 Faulting forms two major landforms - block mountains and rift
valleys.
 Normal fault

Philippine plate

Pacific Plate
 Reverse fault

Philippine plate

Pacific Plate
 Tear fault

Philippine plate

Pacific plate
Vulcanicity
 Vulcanicity (also known as volcanic activity or
igneous activity) is one of the endogenetic
processes.
 Magma beneath the crust is under very great
pressure. When folding and faulting occur,
cracks or fractures which are lines of weakness.
When these lines of weakness develop downward
in the crust and reach the magma, they will
release the pressure in the magma.
 This allows magma to rise up along the lines of
weakness and intrude into the crust. Some
magma may even reach the earth's surface.
 There are two types of vulcanicity: intrusive
vulcanicity and extrusive vulcanicity.
Map of active volcanoes, plate tectonics, and the “Ring of Fire”
Diagram of Earth’s Crust
The Philippine Plate collides with the Pacific Plate

Philippine plate Pacific plate

Magma converges
Mantle
 The Philippine Plate collides with the Pacific Plate

Ocean trench forms (Pacific Plate)

Sediment is folded up

Cracks form

Sediment
Philippine Plate Pacific Plate

Magma rises
through cracks Denser plate subducts
Subducted plate melts
Mantle into magma
 The Philippine Plate collides with the Pacific Plate

Volcanic islands The Philippine Islands formed as a volcanic island arc

formed as magma
rises up to the
floor

Philippine trench

Sediment
Philippine Plate Pacific Plate

magma rises

Mantle
Conclusion
 After this research, we can conclude
that the plates converge, that is, move
towards and collide with each other
when the magma currents meet.
 Reference
 Certificate Exploring Geography book 1
 CVO Website
 Earth’s Continental Plates