CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 NECESSITY
 OBJECTIVES
 METHODOLOGY
Introduction
 Strength of concrete is affected by the specimen size. It is
important to consider the effect of specimen size when
estimating the ultimate strength.

 In this context the size and shape of concrete becomes an

important parameter for finding compressive strength and
split tensile strength.
Introduction
 The present work is intended to study the effect of
specimen size on the mechanical properties of concrete.
For ex: The characteristic compressive strength is usually
measured based on 150 mm x 150mm cubes. But due to
economy consideration 100mm x 100mm cubes are used

 Mineral admixture fly ash is used as replacement for

cement

 Fibers are used to improve the strength of concrete

 Fly Ash
 Fly ash or pulverized fuel ash, an industrial waste of coal
based thermal power plants, consists of finely divided
spherical particles of silicate glass.
 Incorporation of fly ash as partial replacement for cement
results in considerable improvements in concrete
properties.
Why Fly Ash?
 Improved workability: The spherical shaped particles of fly
ash act as miniature ball bearings within the concrete mix,
thus providing a lubricant effect. This same effect also
improves concrete pumpability by reducing frictional losses
during the pumping process.

 Decreased water demand. When fly ash is used at about 20

percent of the total cementitious, water demand is reduced
by approximately 10 percent.
Why Fly Ash?
 Reduced heat of hydration. This reduction in the heat of
hydration does not sacrifice long-term strength gain or
durability. The reduced heat of hydration lessens heat rise
problems in mass concrete placements.

 Benefits to Hardened Concrete. One of the primary benefits of

fly ash is its reaction with available lime and alkali in concrete,
producing additional cementitious compounds.
The following equations illustrate the pozzolanic reaction of fly
ash with lime to produce additional calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-
H) binder
(C3S +H2O → C-S-H + CaOH)
Pozzolanic Reaction: Ca(OH)2 + H4SiO4 → CaH2SiO4·2 H2O(C-S-H)
Why Fly Ash?
 Reduced permeability. The decrease in water content
combined with the production of additional cementitious
compounds reduces the pore interconnectivity of concrete,
thus decreasing permeability. The reduced permeability
results in improved long-term durability and resistance to
various forms of deterioration

 Improved durability
Improved resistance to sulfate attack.
Improved resistance to corrosion.
Fibers
 Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing
fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It
contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed
and randomly oriented
Types of Fibers
Asbestos Fibers Carbon Fibers

Organic Fibers
Bamboo Jute
Types of Fibers
Steel Fibers Glass Fibers

Polypropylene Fibers
Why Fibers?
 Fibers inhibit and controls the formation of intrinsic
cracking in concrete caused both in the plastic and
hardened stage of concrete, thus ensuring a more durable
concrete construction.

 Fibers reinforce concrete against impact forces, thereby

improving the toughness characteristics of hardened
concrete.
Why Fibers?
 Fibers enhance the hardness of the surface of concrete
against material loss due to abrading forces caused by
frequent movement of wheel loads. This enhances the
service life and safety of concrete pavements.

 Fibers reduce plastic shrinkage and settlement cracking

when concrete is still green, thus enhancing the overall life
of the structure and reducing the maintenance cost.
Why Fibers?
 Fibers improve the resistance to shattering forces caused
due to earthquake loads and vibrations induced in machine
foundations, thus making concrete a more versatile material
for such critical applications.

 Fibers can replace the secondary reinforcement or crack

control steel used in grade slabs, thereby reducing the
overall cost of the structure.

 Fibers reduce the permeability and water migration in

concrete, which ensures protection of concrete due to the
ill effects of moisture.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors Description Conclusions
Shashikant Srivastava Fly ash as partial From the experiments
replacement of portland performed by replacing
Mohd Arif Ansari
pozzolana cement in Portland Pozzolana Cement
concrete: An experimental with fly ash on various
investigation proportions of 5.00%,
7.50%, 10.00%, 12.50% and
15.00%, it is observed that
the replacement of
Portland Pozzolana Cement
with 10.00% of fly ash is
best suited in terms of
Green Density, Workability
and Compressive Strength.
LITERATURE REVIEW
P.S.Joanna , Jessy Behaviour of reinforced The ultimate moment capacity of fly
Rooby , Angeline concrete beams with 50 ash concrete beam is 16% less than
Prabhavathy , percentage fly ash the ordinary concrete beam when
R.Preetha , tested at 28th day. But its moment
C.Sivathanu Pillai capacity increases with age. It
increases by 23% at 75th day than at
28th day
Sura A. Majeed Effect of size and shape The ratio of 28 day compressive
of specimen on strength of cylindrical specimen of
Compressive strength of size 150mm diameter and 300mm
glass fiber reinforced height to that of a 150mm cube is
concrete obtained as 0.77 for plain concrete &
0.81 for glass fiber concrete, while
the ratios are 0.95 and 0.96 in case
of 100 mm cubes strength to 100
200mm cylinders for plain concrete
and glass fiber concrete
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sura A. Majeed Effect of Specimen Size on
Generally the compressive
Compressive, Modulus of
strength, modulus of rupture
Rupture and Splitting
and splitting strength of the
Strength of Cement Mortar
mortar is increased by
reducing the size of the
specimen

Mahesh V. Raut, Dr. A parametric study on Advantages of fly ash to

Shirish V. Deo, effect of fly ash together increase the workability,
with fibers durability, long term strength
and reduce the heat of
hydration of concrete. Fibers
are also found more
effective in resisting the
development
Necessisity
 Most design codes for structures do not consider the effect
of size which is an important phenomenon.

 To address the environmental pollution - using fly ash as

replacement for cement.

 Smaller specimen saves the material and are easy to handle.

Objectives
 To study the effect of specimen size on compressive
strength of concrete
 To study the effect of specimen size on splitting tensile
strength concrete
 To study the effect of specimen size on flexural strength
concrete
 To determine the conversion factors for compressive
strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
among specimens having different shape and sizes.
METHODOLOGY - Experimental
Tests on fresh concrete
 Workability tests

Tests on hardened concrete

 Compressive strength
 Splitting tensile strength
 Flexural strength
THANK YOU