Group 3

The
Director’s
Duties
RESPONSIBILITIES
Editing the program
material
RESPONSIBILITIES

Putting it on the air

RESPONSIBILITIES

Dealing with the feelings

and emotions of the
people
BACKGROUND
Have some background in
the creative arts, drama,
music, painting, and
dancing.
BACKGROUND

Familiar with the basic

forms of literary
expression.
BACKGROUND

Must be decisive
BACKGROUND
Must be able to judge
something as being good
and right without having to
try the bad and wrong first.
Coordination of Production Elements

1 Talking and listening

5 Following the script

2 6 Listening to the audio

Watching at least three
monitors at all times

3 7
Conversing with the Doing your own
people in control room switching

4 Watching the time

Thinking in the Pictures
Thinking in the Picture

Visualization is the translation

of ideas and words into
individual pictures.
Thinking in the Picture
Picturization means putting
these individual images into a
proper order so that their
continuity conveys a particular
meaning
Visualization and
Purpose
Visualization and Purpose

Small station operation

Visualization and Purpose

Takes on the role of a

reporter
Visualization and Purpose

Dramatic presentations, must

frequently show an object in
a special way
The
Television
Lenses of
the
 Focal Lengths

"short" and the "long" refer

to the focal length of a
lens
 Focal Lengths

Short, or wide angle

lens, you can see more.
 Focal Lengths

Long, or narrow angle

lens, you will see less.
 Focal Lengths

Smaller the number, the

wider the lens.
 Focal Lengths
A variable focal length is called a zoom
lens. We can go from a wide shot to a
close-up without changing lenses or
moving the camera. The most widely used
is called zoomar lens.
The
Standard
Television
Lens
 The Standard Television Lens Complement

Most common studio lens

complement consists of a wide
angle lens, a medium lens, and a
narrow angle lens.
 The Standard Television Lens Complement

Problem of a lens visible in

the picture is sometimes
called cropping.
 FOCUS
Necessary focus adjustment
is made by rotating the focus
knob, changing the distance
from lens to tube surface.
 THE F-STOP
Lens diaphragm is used to
control the amount of light that
enters the lens. The f-stop
indicates the size of the lens
(diaphragm) opening.
 THE F-STOP
Lower the f-stop number, the
bigger the lens opening. Size
of f-stop number and size of
lens opening are reversed.
Setting the F-Stop
 Two Purposes

To control the light

1 level striking the
tube
 Two Purposes

To achieve a
2 desired depth of
field.
 Setting the F-Stop

Area in which the objects

are seen in focus is called
"depth of field".
 Setting the F-Stop

Depth of field is shallow,

only the object in the
middle ground may be in
focus.
 Can control the depth of field by
coordinating three factors:

1
Focal length of the
lens used

2 The lens opening

3
The distance between
camera and the object
Performance Characteristics
of Television Lenses
35 MM lenses

Widest angle television lens used. Wide

field of view comparatively close to
the camera.
35 mm. is an
excellent
dolly lens, for
the following
reasons:
 35 mm Lenses

Rough or awkward
1 camera movement
is minimized
 35 mm Lenses

Great depth of field

2 aids the camera

man in keeping
focus
 35 mm Lenses

Makes it easy for the

3 cameraman to frame
even comparatively
fast-moving objects
50 MM lenses

Considered the shortest lens of the

standard television lens complement.
It gives a relatively large field of view.
 Three
Basic
Advantage
 50 mm Lenses

It is an excellent
1 dolly lens.
 50 mm Lenses

It will give you

2 excellent close-ups
of small objects.
 50 mm Lenses

3 It is a fast
lens.
50 MM lenses

Foreground objects look large, while

background objects look small.
50 MM lenses

50 mm. lens allows you to take a close-

up of an object as small as a postage
stamp.
 Basic Negative Factors in using
50 mm. Lens

1 Distortion
2 Short distance of camera to
objects for close-ups

3 Over shooting
75 MM lenses

Used as a step between the 50

mm. lens and the 90 mm. lens.
 Positive Factors

1 Good dolly lens 4 Very little noticeable

distortion

2 Dolly speed is not so

exaggerated 5 Fairly fast lens

3
Can achieve a good close-up without
bringing the camera too close to the object
90 MM lenses

"Normal lens" "normal" refers to the basic

optical characteristics of this lens, which,
when compared to human vision and
optical experiences.
90 MM lenses

The 90 mm. lens is called a

medium focal length lens.
90 MM lenses

The dolly speed is normal.

90 MM lenses

Object increase in size at about

the same speed as that of the
camera approaching the object.
90 MM lenses

The only negative factor in using 90

mm. lens in a small studio is that this
lens may be too long to achieve
adequate long shots.
Stardardi
-zation
has
several
advantages:
 90 mm Lenses

Quickly correct the

framing without moving
1 the camera too much in
either direction
 90 mm Lenses

Without losing
2 focus
 90 mm Lenses

Avoid camera
3 shadows
 90 mm Lenses

To go from a live scene

to the easel card with a
4 minimum of effort and
time
135 MM lenses

Most widely used narrow angle lens on the

standard television turret. You can get tight
close-ups without moving the camera too
close to the subject.
135 MM lenses

The 135 mm. lens is a telephoto lens,

which means that it magnifies objects
in the field of the lens' views.
Audience Research in
Radio and Television
Definitions and Measurement Techniques

Set in use. Refers to the

1 percentage of homes in
the sample with a
television set turned on.
Definitions and Measurement Techniques

Program rating. Indicates

the percentage of homes
2 in a given sample tuned to
a specific television
program.
Definitions and Measurement Techniques

Share of audience.
Represents the
3 percentage of sets in the
use tuned to a given
program.
Definitions and Measurement Techniques

A Total-Audience rating.
Indicates the percentage
4 of homes which tuned to a
program for a minimum
number of minutes
Definitions and Measurement Techniques

An average audience rating.

Percentage of homes in the
5 program audience during an
average minute of the
program period.
Definitions and Measurement Techniques

Total audience.
Projected number of
6 homes reached by the
program.
Definitions and Measurement Techniques
Audience composition.
Percentage distribution of the

7 total number of people

viewing of listening by sex,
age, education, or other
classification factors.
Audience Research
Methods
 The different methods employed to obtain basic
audience information are:

Mechanical Recorder
A device which can be
attached to a television or
radio set to record set usage.
 The different methods employed to obtain basic
audience information are:

Telephone Survey
The most popular use of the telephone Survey
in broadcast research is to obtain coincidental
data on viewing and listening at the time the
calls are made. Telephone Survey method are
extremely rapid and relatively inexpensive
means of gathering basic information.
 The different methods employed to obtain basic
audience information are:

The Diary Method

Is a means of obtaining basic data for program
ratings by placing a diary or viewing-listening
log next to each television or radio set in a
sample of cooperating homes and requesting
each man, woman and child to make a written
record of all viewing and listening activity.
 The different methods employed to obtain basic
audience information are:

The Personal Interview

Basic information for program
rating reports is obtained by
face-to-face interview with
individual viewers.
 The different methods employed to obtain basic
audience information are:

The Coincidental Personal Interview

Technique for television research
involves talking to viewers in their
homes at the time the program is on
the air.
 The different methods employed to obtain basic
audience information are:

The Mailed Questionnaire

Basic data may be secured for
program ratings by mailing
special questionnaires to
respondents.
Educational
Television in
Mindanao
Region
Educational Television in Mindanao Region

Television in the country today

plays a pivotal role in the
national effort to achieve
economic progress and stability.
 Three TV Broadcasting
Networks
1 Television 9
2 Channel 7
3 TV 13
The Role of ETV in Minsupala
In this age of revolution many changes
are taking place in the mass media
and educational television provides
the means in reaching the
"underprivileged minorities" of the
South.
The Role of ETV in Minsupala
Televised instruction can reach the home for the
benefit of the out-of-office students, and at the
same time also afford with basic knowledge the
"nursing mother's" and other members of the
household who regard education as a life-long
pursuit.
This type of "education" is badly needed in
remote areas of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan.
How effective is
the use of
television for
classroom
instruction?
How effective is the use of television for
classroom instruction?

Television enables the students to hear the

language spoken by experts in communication
in a realistic situation. In science courses,
televised lectures enable students to achieve
impressive gains with only a small number of
lectures and without outside preparations or
practice.
How effective is the use of television for
classroom instruction?

Economics, remedial physics and chemistry

can be based on televised courses too.
Educational Television for Mindanao State
University In the light of significant development
in the region, the Mindanao State University—
the regional university in the heart of the
"disadvantaged minorities" must blaze in the
new medium of education.
How effective is the use of television for
classroom instruction?

The use of educational television to help teachers raise the

standard of higher education and also to maintain the
quality of classroom instruction must be undertaken.
Technically-trained personnel are needed to man the
educational television programs. What are needed are
equipment, personnel who are in "the know" of the
medium, the TV director, writers, artists, engineers,
cameraman, script-writers who will prepare the tele-lessons
and other TV instructional materials, workbooks, etc.
Group 3