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 MS Excel
It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and
a macro programming language.
It can compute costs incurred in the creation of
projects, or create tables for findings in the researchers,
and then create reports for business or research that you
are doing.
It is also a collaboration tool for financial analysis or
modelling.
 Quick Access Toolbar Title Bar

File Tab
Ribbon

Zoom Controls

View Buttons
 New Tabs

Formulas Data View

Formulas

Data

View
Sheets Tab

Create New
Sheet
 Columns

Name Bar Formula Bar

Cells

Rows
The Anatomy of a Formula

A formula is an expression which calculates

the value of a cell.
Functions are predefined formulas and are
already available in Excel.
 The Anatomy of a Formula
Operator Operator Operator Operator
Caret (^) =
Asterisk (*) = Plus (+) = Minus (-) =
Raises Number
Multiplication Addition Subtraction
to a Power

=PI(1* A8 ^ 7 – 6 + 1)
Reference Constants
Functions Name of specific
Values entered
Built-in Formulas directly into a
cell to use
formula
 Commonly used Functions
FUNCTION PURPOSE
=SUM Calculates the SUM of the values of a range of cells.
=AVERAGE Calculates the ARITHMETIC MEAN of a range of cells or values.
=MAX Gives the MAXIMUM value in a range of cells or values.
=MIN Gives the MINIMUM values in a range of cells or values.
=COUNT Counts the number of cells in a range of cells or values.
Shows a series of calculations using the same formula, but a
=IF different value for each calculation to determine whether the
formula is true or false.
Other Specialized Functions
FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS
Computes the payment required to amortize a loan over a
PMT specified number of periods.
Computes the interest portion of an individual loan payment,
IPMT assuming a constant payment and interest rate.
Computes the number of periods required to amortize a loan,
NPER given a specified payment.
SLN Calculates a straight-line depreciation for an asset.
Other Specialized Functions
LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
IF Applies a logical test that results in a True or False.
Nested IF Creates a hierarchy of tests.
Returns FALSE if any of its arguments are false, and returns TRUE
AND only if all of its arguments are true.
Other Specialized Functions
TEXT FUNCTIONS
CLEAN Removes all nonprintable characters.
CONCATENATE Combines text from multiple fields into one cell.
EXACT Compares two text strings to see if they are the same.
LEFT Returns the first num_characters in a text string.
UPPER Converts text into all-uppercase characters (SHIFT + F3).
Other Specialized Functions
DATE & TIME FUNCTIONS
TODAY() Inserts the current date
NOW() Inserts both the current date and time.
WEEKDAY Returns the day of the week for a specific date.
DAYS Calculates the number of days between two dates.
Other Specialized Functions

LOOKUP AND REFERENCE FUNCTIONS

Searches the first column of a table_array and returns a value
VLOOKUP from the same row in the column indicated by col_index_num.
Searches the first row of table_array and returns a value from the
HLOOKUP same column, in the row indicated by row_index_num.
ROWS Returns the number of rows in the specified range.
Other Specialized Functions
MATH & TRIG FUNCTIONS
Combines the IF and SUM functions to add specific values in a
SUMIF range according to the criterion you supply.
Similar to SUMIF, but count cells in the specified range that match
COUNTIF your specified criterion.
PRODUCT Multiplies all of its arguments.
Rounds a number by using this function for a specific number of
ROUND digits.
 How to Create Formulas
=FUNCTION(Cells)
Function Formula Cell Formula
Sum =SUM( ) , Separated cells
Average =AVERAGE( ) : Range of consecutive cells
Today() =TODAY() () [} Enclosure of cells
Concatenate =CONCAT( ) *-/x Basic Operations
 BASIC FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION FORMULA FUNCTION FORMULA
Sum =SUM( ) Count =COUNT( )
Average =AVERAGE( ) CountA =COUNTA( )
Max =MAX( ) Concatenate =CONCAT( )
Min =MIN( ) Round =ROUND( )
How to Use the Basic Functions
EASY WAY
1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.
2. Select all the desired cells.
3. Go to the HOME/FORMULA tab, find the
AUTOSUM Command.
4. Click the dropdown arrow and select the
desired function.
How to Use the Basic Functions

1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.

2. Select all the desired cells.
How to Use the Basic Functions
3. Go to the
HOME/FORMULA tab;
find the AUTOSUM
command.
4. Click the DROPDOWN
ARROW, and select the
desired function.
How to Use the Basic Functions
How to Use the Basic Functions
LESS EASY WAY
1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.
2. Select the desired cell where you want the
result would be.
3. Type the FUNCTION FORMULA in the desired
cell or on the FORMULA BAR. =FUNCTION(Cells)
4. Press ENTER on the keyboard.
How to Use the Basic Functions

1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.

2. Select the desired cell where you want the
result would be.
How to Use the Basic Functions

3. Type the FUNCTION FORMULA in the desired

cell or on the FORMULA BAR.
4. Press ENTER on the keyboard.
 BASIC FUNCTIONS
FUNCTION FORMULA FUNCTION FORMULA
Sum =SUM( ) Count =COUNT( )
Average =AVERAGE( ) CountA =COUNTA( )
Max =MAX( ) Concatenate =CONCAT( )
Min =MIN( ) Round =ROUND( )
ADVANCED FUNCTIONS

VLOOKUP/
IF Function HLOOKUP
Function
How to Use the IF Function

1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.

2. Determine the IF Criteria or Conditions.
3. Select the desired cell to put the results in.
4. Go to the HOME/FORMULA tab, find the
AUTOSUM Command.
How to Use the IF Function

5. Click the MORE FUNCTIONS.

6. Search IF in the dialogue box and
select the IF Function.
7. Click OK.
How to Use the IF Function
8. In the LOGICAL_TEST box, type the
desired criterion (Cell>=Numerical
Value). For example is A1>=75.
9. Enter returned value in the IF_TRUE and
IF_FALSE text boxes (Passed, Failed).
 How to Use the IF Function

1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.

2. Determine the IF Criteria or Conditions.
3. Select the desired cell to put the results in.
 How to Use the IF Function
4. Go to the
HOME/FORMULA
tab; find the
AUTOSUM
command.
5. Click the MORE
FUNCTIONS.
6. Search IF in the
dialogue box and
select the IF
Function.
7. Click OK.
 How to Use the IF Function
8. In the
LOGICAL_TEST box,
type the desired
criterion
(Cell>=Numerical
Value). For example
is A1>=75.
9. Enter returned
value in the
IF_TRUE and
IF_FALSE text boxes
(Passed, Failed).
How to Use the IF Function
 How to Use the IF Function

Cell Returned
Reference Values

=IF(B12>=75, “PASSED”,”FAILED”)
IF Function
Criterion
Formula
VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP Function
VLOOKUP – Vertical
HLOOKUP - Horizontal
 How to Use the VLOOKUP
Function
1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.
2. Create the LookUp Table (your criteria).
Values must be in ASCENDING ORDER.
3. Select the desired cell to put the results in.
4. Go to the HOME/FORMULA tab, find the
AUTOSUM Command.
 How to Use the VLOOKUP
Function
5. Click the MORE FUNCTIONS.
6. Search VLOOKUP in the dialogue
box and select the function.
7. Click OK.
 How to Use the VLOOKUP
Function
8. In the LOOKUP_VALUE box, type or select the
reference cell.
9. In the TABLE_ARRAY, select the entire LOOKUP
TABLE. Make it ABSOLUTE (Press F4).
10. In the COL_INDEX_NUM, type 2.
11. In the RANGE_LOOKUP, type TRUE (closest
match)or FALSE (exact match).
VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP Function

1. Create the table with rows & columns of data.

2. Create the LookUp Table (your criteria). Values must be in ASCENDING ORDER.
3. Select the desired cell to put the results in.
VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP Function
8. In the LOOKUP_VALUE box,
type or select the reference
cell.
9. In the TABLE_ARRAY, select
the entire LOOKUP TABLE.
Make it ABSOLUTE (Press
F3).
10.In the COL_INDEX_NUM,
type 2.
11.In the RANGE_LOOKUP,
type TRUE (closest match)or
FALSE (exact match).
VLOOKUP / HLOOKUP Function

8. In the LOOKUP_VALUE box, type or select the reference cell.

9. In the TABLE_ARRAY, select the entire LOOKUP TABLE. Make it ABSOLUTE (Press F4).
10.In the COL_INDEX_NUM, type 2.
11.In the RANGE_LOOKUP, type TRUE (closest match)or FALSE (exact match).
 How to Use the IF Function

Cell Reference Logical

Reference Column Value

=VLOOKUP(B12,$N$3:$P$7,2,TRUE)
IF Function Vlookup
Formula Table