[Concrete Technology]
By Tri Mulyono, MT
Lecture of Civil Engineering Department
Engineering Faculty, UNJ, 2014
Materi#5
4. AGREGAT
5. ADMIXTURE
Definisi bahan tambah additive &
admixture
Jenis-jenis serta penggunaannya.
Tata Cara Pengujian Bahan Tambah
CONCRETE
Chemical Admixture
Portland + fine
cement aggregate →
mortar
Mineral Admixture
MAJOR PROPERTIES of CONCRETE
ADMIXTURE
Definisi bahan tambah additive & admixture
ACI 116R-00 - (Reapproved 2005) : Cement and
Concrete Terminology).,p.2; ACI Concrete
Terminology, An ACI STANDARD, January
2013,.p.1: defines the term admixture as
“a material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic
cement, and fiber reinforcement, used as an ingredient
of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed,
setting, or hardened properties and that is added to
the batch before or during its mixing”
In ACI 212.3R it is stated that “chemical admixtures
are used to enhance the properties of concrete and
mortar in the plastic and hardened state
A Real Definition:
A mixture of:
◦ Portland Cement
◦ Fine Aggregate
◦ Coarse Aggregate
◦ Water
◦ Air • HOW TO MIX FOR SPECIAL
WORK [PROJECT] Concrete in
the 22nd Century?
• What is project need?
• What is improvement based on
conventional concrete?
• How influence in concrete based
on concrete material?
Mulyono, T & Bachtiar, G, 2013
MAJOR PROPERTIES of CONCRETE
ADMIXTURE
Mulyono, T & Bachtiar, G, 2013
PATENT PRODUCT of ADMIXTURE
Axim Italcementi Group (Italia)
Ashland Inc (AS)
BASF (Jerman)
Cico Technologies Ltd (India)
The Dow Chemical Company (AS)
Euclid Kimia (AS)
Fosroc ( UEA)
Sika AG (Swiss)
Lanya Beton admixtures Co Ltd (Cina)
CHRYSO (Perancis), dan
WR Grace & Co (AS)
??????? (Indonesia)
Accelerators Accelerate setting and Calcium chloride (ASTM D 98 and AASHTO M 144)
(ASTM C 494 and, AASHTO early-strength Triethanolamine, sodium thiocyanate, calcium formate
M 194, Type C) development calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate
Air detrainers Decrease air content Tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, octyl alcohol, waterinsoluble esters of carbonic
and boric acid, silicones
Air-entraining admixtures Improve durability in Salts of wood resins (Vinsol resin), some synthetic- detergents, salts of sulfonated
(ASTM C 260 and AASHTO M freeze-thaw, deicer, lignin, salts of petroleum
154) sulfate, and alkali acids, salts of proteinaceous material, fatty and resinous
reactive environments acids and their salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates, salts of
Improve workability sulfonated hydrocarbons
Alkali-aggregate reactivity Reduce alkali-aggregate Barium salts, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide
inhibitors reactivity expansion
Antiwashout admixtures Cohesive concrete for Cellulose, acrylic polymer
underwater placements
Bonding admixtures Increase bond strength Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, butadiene-styrene copolymers
Coloring admixtures Colored concrete Modified carbon black, iron oxide, phthalocyanine, umber, chromium oxide, titanium
(ASTM C 979) oxide, cobalt blue
Corrosion inhibitors Reduce steel corrosion Calcium nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, certain phosphates or fluosilicates,
activity in a chloride- fluoaluminates, ester amines
laden environment
Dampproofing admixtures Retard moisture Soaps of calcium or ammonium stearate or oleate Butyl stearate
penetration into dry Petroleum products
concrete
Mulyono, T & Bachtiar, G, 2013
TYPE versus Effects
Type of admixture Desired effect Material
Dampproofing admixtures Retard moisture Soaps of calcium or ammonium stearate or oleate Butyl stearate
penetration into dry Petroleum products
concrete
Foaming agents Produce lightweight, Cationic and anionic surfactants
foamed concrete with Hydrolized protein
low density
Fungicides, germicides and Inhibit or control Polyhalogenated phenols
insecticides bacterial and fungal Dieldrin emulsions
growth Copper compounds
Gas formers Cause expansion before Aluminum powder
setting
Grouting admixtures Adjust grout properties See Air-entraining admixtures, Accelerators, Retarders, and Water reducers
for specific
applications
Permeability reducers Decrease permeability Latex
Calcium stearate
Pumping aids Improve pumpability Organic and synthetic polymers
Organic flocculents
Organic emulsions of paraffin, coal tar, asphalt, acrylics
Bentonite and pyrogenic silicas
Hydrated lime (ASTM C 141)
Retarders Retard setting time Lignin,
(ASTM C 494 Borax
and AASHTO M 194 Sugars
Type B) Tartaric acid and salts
Shrinkage reducers Reduce drying shrinkage Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether
Propylene glycol
(a) (b)
Mulyono, T & Bachtiar, G, 2013
Gambar 3: Aksi Dispersi akibat Plasticizer: (a) Pasta menggumpal; (b) Pasta berpencar
Fosroc Literature
Effects of water reducers
Cement 250kg
Increasing strength
Plasticiser and superplasticiser
Examples of
superplasticiser
use
Reducing
temperature
rise with sp
Methods
of addition
(lack of) effect on strength
Effect of water reducer on heat
evolution
Effect of plasticiser on rheology
Slump vs flow table
SLUMP LOSS
Tipe Kehilangan Nilai Slum beton tanpa bahan tambah
Kehilangan Nilai Slump pada 23°C (73°F) dalam beton Kehilangan Nilai Slump pada 23°C (73°F) dalam beton
konvensional/normal dengan WRA (ASTM C 494 and normal dengan HWRA (ASTM C 494 and AASHTO M 194
AASHTO M 194 Type D) dibandingkan dengan campuran Type D) dibandingkan dengan campuran tanpa HWRA
tanpa WRA (Control) (Control)
Efek Perlambatan penggunaan retading Kehilangan Nilai Slump pada 23°C (73°F)
admixture ((Mindess, S. and Young, J.F., dalam beton normal dengan retarder
Concrete, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, dibandingkan dengan campuran tanpa retarder.
1981) (Whiting and Dziedzic 1992
Mulyono, T & Bachtiar, G, 2013
Accelerating Admixtures
Jenis bahan tambah yang berfungsi untuk mempercepat proses
pengikatan dan pengembangan kekuatan awal beton merupakan tipe C
sesuai standar ASTM.
Bahan ini digunakan untuk memperpendek waktu pengikatan semen
sehingga mempecepat pencapaian kekuatan beton (mostly <12 hours).
◦ Early finishing
◦ Early accessed (road pavement and others)
Jenis accelerator adalah : kalsium klorida, bromide, karbonat dan silikat.
Tidak dianjurkan pada daerah-daerah yang menyebabkan korosi tinggi
Efektif pada temperatur rendah
Dosis maksimum yang dapat ditambahkan pada beton adalah sebesar 2
Efek%percepatan
dari berat (accelerating)
semen dapat dimanfaatkan dalam dua cara (EFCA ,
2005)
(1) Seperti 'mengatur akselerator' untuk mengurangi waktu dimulainya
transisi campuran dari plastik ke kaku/keras
(2) Sebagai pengerasan akselerator untuk meningkatkan laju perkembangan
kuat tekan awal beton dengan atau tanpa mempengaruhi pengaturan
waktu