Dr.

Jivraj Mehta Institute Of Technology Mogar , Anand

Affilcated by GTU

PROJECT ON

MODIFIED BITUMEN FOR SURFACE COURSE OF FLEXIBLE

PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
Prepared By:
Aashka .U Bhatt (150820106001)
Priyanka Solanki(150820106027)

Co Guide By: Guide By: HOD :

Asst. Prof. Nilesh Prajapati Asst. Prof . Samarth Naik Asst. Prof . Hiren Talati
 MODIFIED BITUMEN
FOR
SURFACE COURSE
OF
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
 LIST OF CONTENTS
1. Aim of study
2. Introduction
3. Objectives
4. Methodology
5. Methods and Materials
6. Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen
7. Polymer Modified Bitumen
8. Results of Conventional Bitumen
9. Results of Modified Bitumen
10. Graphs
11. Coconut Fiber
12. Properties & Advantages of coconut fiber
13. Results of coconut fiber
14. Graphs
15. Glass Fiber
16. Properties & Advantages of glass fiber
17. Results of glass fiber
18. Graphs
19. Application
20. Conclusion
 AIM: The study presents the
use of CRMB,SBS & Fibers in
bitumen mixes to enhance the
pavement performance ,
protect the environment
and provide low cost roads.
 INTRODUCTION

• In the road construction bitumen plays an important role. It helps to improve the strength of the roads.
• Its resistance towards water is poor .
• A common method to improve the quality of bitumen is by modifying the properties of bitumen by
blending with organic synthetic polymers like rubbers and plastics.
• Plastics are user friendly but eco- friendly as they are non – biodegrada
• India has to raise the transportation system to a higher level both in terms of length and quality .
• The Study presents the use of CRMB and SBS in bitumen mixes to enhance the pavement performance
, protect environment and provide low cost roads.
SOLUTION IS

MODIFIER

MODIFIED
BITUMEN

BITUMEN
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• To increase the stability and durability of road.

 To study economic cost using polymer binders.

 increase the life of road.

 To decrease the crack formation.

 To increase the water proofing of road.

 To decrease the adverse effect of rain, change in temperature.

TESTS ON BITUMEN

 Penetration test (IS: 1203-1978)

 Ductility test ( IS: 1208- 1978)
 Specific gravity ( IS: 1202-1978)
 Softening point test (IS: 1205-1978)
 Elastic recovery test (IS : 15462-2004 )
TYPES OF MODIFIERS FOR BITUMEN - BINDER

• Crumb rubber (CR)

• Natural rubber (NR)
• Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
• Styrene –butadiene-styrene block copolymer(SBS)
• Styrene –isoprene-styrene block copolymer(SIS)
• Ethylene –vinyl-acetate copolymer (EVA)
• Polyethylene
Fig:1 Samples of SBS40 and CRMB 60/70
CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN (CRMB)

• Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and
chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tyres ) with bitumen and
some specific additives.
• Each lot of CR may have different chemical composition depending upon source and therefore
added to bitumen .
• CRMB is suitable for pavements submitted to all sorts of weather conditions, highways, traffic
denser roads, junctions, heavy duty and high traffic sea port roads etc.
• It is a durable and economical solution for new construction and maintenance of wearing courses.
TYPES OF CRMB

CRMB Can be classified as follows:

1) CRMB 50 : Recommended for cold climate areas

2) CRMB 55: Recommended for moderate climatic areas

3) CRMB 60 : Recommended for hot climate areas

 SBS POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN

• The term “polymer” simply refers to a very large molecule made by chemically reacting many (poly)
smaller molecules (monomers) with one another either in long chains or clusters.
• Polymers most often used in modifying bitumen can be grouped in two general categories: elastomers
and plastomers.
• As the name implies, elastomers can be stretched like a rubber band and recover their shape when the
stretching force is released. Therefore, elastomers have the ability to resist permanent deformation
(rutting).
• Several different types of elastomeric polymers are used for modifying bitumen.
• Examples are: styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer; styrene-butadiene rubber; styrene
isoprene styrene (SIS); and ethylene terpolymer (ETP).
• Plastomers form tough, rigid, three dimensional networks within the bitumen. These plastomers
give high initial strength to the bitumen to resist heavy loads.
• However, they have lower strain tolerance and may crack at high strains.
• Examples of plastomers for modifying bitumen are: ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA); ethylene butyl
acrylate (EBA); polyethylene; and ethylene-methyl-acrylate (EMA) copolymer.
TYPES SBS POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN

It can be classified as follows:

1) SBSPMB 120 : Recommended for cold climate areas

2) SBSPMB 70 : Recommended for moderate climate areas

3) SBSPMB 40 : Recommended for Hot climate areas

 REQUIREMENT FOR CONVENTIONAL BITUMEN

Grade And Requirements

Designation Method of Test

S65 S35 S55

Penetration at 25°C, 0.1 mm, 100 g, 5Sec 60-70 30-40 50-60 IS: 1203-1978

Softening point (R&B), °C 45-55 55-65 50-60 IS: 1205-1978

Ductility test (cm) , min 75 50 75 IS:1208-1978

Specific Gravity test , min 0.99 0.99 0.99 IS: 1202-1978

RESULT : PENETRATION TEST (GRADE 60/70) IN mm

Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-
10
63 64 61 62 66 61 62 66 61 62
66 62 64 66 64 65 62 62 63 62
61 62 66 65 63 61 64 63 63 65
64 65 62 65 66 63 63 64 61 63
66 64 61 63 65 65 65 65 67 65
AVG: 64 63.4 62.8 64.2 64.8 63 62.8 64 63 63.4

AVG=( (64+63.4+62.8+64.2+64.8+63+62.8+64+63+63.4)/10)
63.54 mm (60/70 as per IS: 1203-1978)
PENETRATION TEST (CONDUCTED AT DJMIT LAB)

Fig:2 Heating of Bitumen Fig:3 Penetration Mould Fig:4 Performing Penetration Test
Fig:5 Performing Penetration Test
 RESULT : DUCTILITY TEST (GRADE 60/70)IN cm

Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10

77 80 78 78 76 80 79 76 81 79

AVG=(( 77+80=78+78+76+80+79+76+81+79 )/ 10)

= 78.4cm ( MINIMUM -75 cm as per IS:1208-1978)
Fig:6 Heating of Bitumen
 DUCTILITY TEST

Fig:7 Sample Perparation Fig:8 Sample kept at room temperature (25°C)

Fig:9 Performing Ductility Test
 RESULT : SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST (GRADE-60/70)

1. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle (A)- 36.28

2.Weight of Specific Bottle Field with Distilled Water (B)- 141.230
3. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle About Half Filled with Bitumen (C)-83.13
4. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle About Half Filled with Bitumen and Rest filled with Distilled Water
(D)- 141.210

Specific Gravity = ((C-A)/(B-A)-(D-C))

= 46.85/46.90
= 0.998 (MINIMUM-0.99 AS PER IS: 1202-1978)
Fig:10 Weight of specific bottle filled with distilled water Fig:11 Weight of specific bottle filled with bitumen
 RESULT : SOFTNING POINT (GRADE-60/70) IN °C

Avg.
Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10
(°C)

1 50 48 47 45 46 44 45 48 47 47 46.7

Avg. = ((50+48+47+45+46+44+45+48+47+47)/10) = 46.7 °C

(40-55 As Per IS: 1205-1978)
Fig:12 Sample Preparation Fig:13 Ring Balls kept on Moulds
Fig:14 Performing Softening Point Test
Fig:15 Ring ball touches the Bottom Plate
TEST PERFORMED ON MODIFIED BITUMEN

Penetration test(IS: 1203-1978)

Softening point test ( IS: 1208- 1978)
Elastic recovery test (IS : 15462-2004 )
Specific gravity test ( IS: 1202-1978)
REQUIREMENT FOR CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN

Grade And Requirements

Designation Method of Test

CRMB50 CRMB55 CRMB60

Penetration at 25°C, 0.1 mm, 100 g, 5Sec <70 <60 <50 IS: 1203-1978

Softening point (R&B), °C 50 55 60 IS: 1205-1978

Elastic recover at half thread in ductilometer at 15°C,

50 50 60 IS: 15462-2004
%min.

Flash point, °C, min 220 220 220 IS: 1209-1978

RESULT : PENETRATION TEST (CRMB-60)IN mm

Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10

1 46 49 46 48 47 46 46 45 48 45

2 46 48 46 47 47 48 46 43 49 43

3 48 46 45 47 46 48 48 46 43 42

4 45 47 48 45 45 43 47 48 48 49

5 47 49 49 44 48 49 45 43 46 49

Avg. 46.4 47.8 46.8 46.2 46.6 46.8 46.4 45 46.8 45.6

Avg. = ((46.4+47.8+46.8+46.2+46.6+46.8+46.4+45+46.8+45.6)/10)
= 46.44mm (<50 As Per IS: 1203-1978)
 RESULT : SOFTNING POINT (CRMB-60) IN °C

Avg.
Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10
(°C)

1 66 65 66 61 63 69 64 64 63 66 64.7

Avg. = ((66+65+66+61+63+69+64+64+63+66)/10) =
64.7°C (MINIMUM-60 As Per IS: 1205-1978)
 RESULT : ELASTIC RECOVERY (CRMB-60)IN %

Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10 Avg.

1 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.1 3.42

Avg. = ((10-3.42)/10*100) = 65.80 % (MINIMUM-60 As Per IS: 15462-2004)

Fig:16 Heating of Bitumen Fig:17 Sample kept at room temperature (25°C)
Fig:18 Performing Elastic recovery test
RESULT: SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST (CRMB-60)

1. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle (A)- 36.280

2. Weight of Specific Bottle Field with Distilled Water (B)- 141.230
3. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle About Half Filled with Bitumen (C)- 89.610
4. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle About Half Filled with Bitumen and Rest Filled
With Distilled Water (D)- 144.190

Specific Gravity = ((C-A)/(B-A)-(D-C))

= 53.33/50.37
= 1.058 (AS PER IS: 1202-1978)
 REQUIREMENT FOR POLYMER MODIFIED BITUMEN

Grade Requirements
Designation Method of Test

PMB120 PMB40 PMB70

Penetration at 25°C, 0.1 mm, 100 gm, 5Sec 90-150 50-90 30-50 IS: 1203-1978

Softening point (R&B), °C 50 55 60 IS: 1205-1978

Elastic recover at half thread in ductilometer at
70 70 70 IS: 15462-2004
15°C, %min.
Flash point, °C, min 220 220 220 IS: 1209-1978
RESULT : PENETRATION TEST (PMB-40)IN mm
Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10

1 51 52 55 56 52 54 53 51 57 52

2 53 54 51 54 53 54 53 55 58 52

3 55 55 56 54 52 58 56 55 53 55

4 52 52 58 52 51 52 54 56 56 58

5 52 54 54 56 56 51 52 55 52 57

Avg. 52.6 53.4 54.8 54.4 52.8 53.8 53.6 54.4 56.2 54.8

Avg =((52.6+53.4+54.8+54.4+52.8+53.8+53.6+54.4+56.2+54.8)/10)
= 54.08mm (50-90 As Per IS: 1203-1978)
RESULT: SOFTNING POINT (PMB-40) IN °C

Avg.
Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10
(°C)

1 60 63 58 58 63 62 57 58 66 63 60.8

Avg. = ((60+63+58+58+63+62+57+58+66+63)/10)
= 60.8 °C (MINIMUM-55 As Per IS: 1205-1978)
 RESULT: ELASTIC RECOVERY (PMB-40)IN %

Sr.No. Mould-1 Mould-2 Mould-3 Mould-4 Mould-5 Mould-6 Mould-7 Mould-8 Mould-9 Mould-10 Avg.

1 2.66 2.68 2.64 2.35 2.54 2.66 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.413

Avg. = ((10-2.413)/10*100) = 75.87 (MINIMUM-70 As Per IS: 15462-2004)

RESULT: SPECIFIC GRAVITY (PMB-40)

1. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle (A)- 36.280

2. Weight of Specific Bottle Field with Distilled Water (B)- 141.230
3. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle About Half Filled with Bitumen (C)- 89.130
4. Weight of Specific Gravity Bottle About Half Filled with Bitumen and Rest Filled with Distilled
Water (D)- 143.30

Specific Gravity = ((C-A)/(B-A)-(D-C))

= 49.85/48.05
= 1.037 (AS PER IS: 1202-1978)
PENETRATION TEST GRADE(60/70) IN mm

68

67

66

65

64
1
RESULTS

63 2
3
62
4
5
61

60

59

58
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10
No. of Moulds
PENETRATION TEST (CRMB-60) IN mm

50

48

46
RESULTS

1
44 2
3
4
42 5

40

38
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10
No. of Moulds
PENETARTION TEST (PMB-40) IN mm

60

58

56

54 1
RESULTS

52 3
4
5
50

48

46
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10
No. of Moulds
SOFTNING POINT GRADE (60/70) IN °C

51

50

49

48

47
RESULTS

46
1
45

44

43

42

41
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10
No. of Moulds
SOFTNING POINT (CRMB60) IN °C

70

68

66

64
RESULTS

62 1

60

58

56
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10
No. of Moulds
 SOFTNING POINT (PMB-40) IN °C

68

66

64

62
RESULTS

60
1

58

56

54

52
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10

No. of Moulds
ELASTIC RECOVERY (CRMB-60)IN %

4.5

3.5

2.5
RESULTS

1.5

0.5

0
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10

1
No. of Moulds
 ELASTIC RECOVERY (PMB-40) IN %
3

2.5

1.5
RESULTS

0.5

0
Mould 1 Mould 2 Mould 3 Mould 4 Mould 5 Mould 6 Mould 7 Mould 8 Mould 9 Mould 10

1
No. of Moulds
COMBINE GRAPH OF CRMB60 & PMB40

Avg. readings are taken.

COCONUT FIBER
• Coconut is a natural fiber extracted from the husk of coconut and used in products such as floor
mats, doormats, brushes, mattresses, etc.
• It is fibrous material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut.
• Other uses of coconut fiber are in upholstery padding, sacking and horticulture..
• They are harvested from fully ripened coconuts is thick , strong and has high abrasion resistance.
• Increase the water absorption.

Fig:19 Coconut Fiber Fig:20 9mm 7mm 5mm

PROPERTIES OF COCONUT FIBER
 After cleaning the impurities of coconut fiber the
length is 5 mm to 12.5 mm, diameter is 0.15-0.80
mm, and density is 600 kg/m3.
 Coconut fiber is increases water absorption.
 Water absorption capacity up to almost 100% with
24 hours immersion in water.
 These property helps them provide moisture for the
growth of plant in erosion control application.
ADVANTAGES OF COCONUT FIBER
 Lower susceptibility to daily to seasonal temperature
variation.
 Higher resistance to deformation at high pavement
temperature.
 Better age resistance properties.
 Better adhesive between aggregate and binder.
 Prevention of cracking and reflective cracking.
 Don’t take thermal action
RESULTS
Fig:21 Adding coconut fiber in bitumen Fig:22 Weighing of coconut fiber
GRAPHS
 Glass Fiber
• It is the material consisting of numerous extremely fine fiber of glass.

• It is much cheaper and significantly less brittle when used in composites.

• The addition of glass fibers to asphalt mixtures enhances material strength.

• Excellent mechanical properties, glass fibers might offer an excellent potential for
asphalt modification.

Fig:23 Glass Fiber

PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER ADVANTAGES OF GLASS FIBER

 Low cost  Does not corrode

 High strength  Excellent workability
 High stiffness  Control and prevention of cracking
 Relatively low density  Overall enhancement of durability
 Non flammable  Safe and easy to handle
 Resistant to heat
 Good chemical resistant
 Able to maintain strength properties over a
wide range condition
RESULTS
GRAPHS
COMBINE GRAPH OF GLASS & COCONUT FIBER
APPLICATION

• AT NATIONAL LEVEL

1) Various projected at Kerala and Tamil Nadu being carried out by Central Road Research Institute
(CRRI).
2) Gram Sadak Yogan Project Ministry of Rural Development
This project is aim to provide connectivity between the village also provide a very good
opportunity for the use modified binders.
3) Railway station roads at Kottataym , Kerala that is 1km long.
4) The project name Golden Quadrirateral which passess through Delhi , Mumbai, Chennai and
Calcutta.
CONCULSION

The results of the use of 5 , 7, & 9 mm fibers in the amount of 0.3% , 0.5% , & 0.7% by weight of asphalt
can be summarized as follows:

1) The addition of short coconut fiber reduced the penetration grade of bitumen and ductility but
increased the softening point.
2) The increase in fiber length caused difficulties in the process of mixing the fibers with bitumen.
3) The shorter the fiber is, the more the mixing process is facilitated. The 5-mm short coconut fiber
yielded the highest ductility.
4) The test results show that the 0.7% coconut fiber content provided the best performance of the
contents studied.
5) Modified Bitumen is a means of prevention , and ultimately will be the cure.
6) It will save the millions of dollars in the future and reduce the amount of the resources used for
the construction.
7) Using the recycle Polymers and Rubbers to make the Modified Bitumen helps to Save the Earth
and benefit the Environment.
WORK PLAN

Jul / aug Sept / oct Nov / dec

Study Conceptualization √
Literature survey √ √ √

experiments √ √ √

Results √ √

Publication
Theis writing √
THANK YOU