Business Mathematics is

designed to give background in business

mathematics taught in most business
administration and other related programs in
colleges and universities. The text’s primary
objective is to develop the student’s
understanding of the basic mathematical
concepts and procedures needed to succeed
in field of accounting, finance, management,
marketing and business information system.
This course will provide an understanding of the
basic concepts of mathematics as applied in
business. It includes a review of the fundamental
mathematics operations using decimals,
fractions, percentage, ratio and proportion;
mathematics concepts and skills in buying and
selling, computing gross and net earnings,
overtime and business data presentation, analysis
and interpretation. The use of computer and
software applications for computation and data
presentation is encouraged.
Objective/s:

• Perform fundamental operations on

fractions
• Know and understand the different
kinds of fractions
What is fraction?

is one or more of the equal parts

into which a whole is divided (or simply
a ratio of two numbers).
 TWO PARTS OF A FRACTION

numerator
denominator

2/5 (two-fifths)
1. Proper Fraction – a fraction in
which the numerator is less than the
denominator. Its value is less than
the denominator.
Examples:

⅝, ⅔, ⅗, ⅞
2. Improper Fraction- a fraction in
which the numerator is greater than
the denominator
Examples:

8/7, 36/24, 200/100, 8500/500

3. Mixed Number - a combination of
a whole number and a fraction.

Example:

1 ¾, 24 5/8, 32 13/14, 90 8/8

4. Similar Fraction – fraction with the
same denominator

Example:

3/5, 2/5, 4/5, 15/5, 25/5

5. Dissimilar Fraction – a fraction
having different denominators.

Example:

1/3, ¾, 3/8, 9/16, 24/36

6. Decimal Fraction – a fraction in which
the decimal point is used to indicate that
the denominator is a power of 10.
Examples:

0.9 = 9/10
0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4
The Least Common Denominator
(LCD) is the number which exactly
divisible by the denominator of the
dissimilar fractions.

Example:
Find the LCD of 3/4 and 5/6
Solution: numbers divisible by the denominator
12, 24, 36, 48 ….
LCD = 12 is the smallest number

Another Solution:
Method 1: By multiples
Multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28…
Multiples of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36…
The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is the
highest number which can be used as a common
divisor of the numerator and denominator of a
given fraction.

Example :
24/36 GCF = 12
Solution: Common Factors of 24 and 36
2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12….