APA Style Formatting 1

APA STYLE
FORMATTING
ERSAN A. RESURRECCION
AFGBMTS, Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Lecture-Workshop on the Conduct of Science Capstone/Research Projects

November 8, 2018, SHS Science Laboratory
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Tracde School
LEARNING COMPETENCY
The students should be able to set selection
criteria for studies relevant to a chosen
scientific problem (STEM_RP12-IIa-e-3).
• Give students with clear understanding of
plagiarism and cheating, and how to
collaborate
• Provide information regarding the APA
Formatting and Citation Style (6th Ed.)
LET US PLAY A
GAME
Strike a Pose!
PLAGIARISM
According to the
Merriam-Webster
Online
Dictionary, to
“plagiarize”
means:
PLAGIARISM
1. to steal and
pass off (the
ideas or words
of another) as
one's own
PLAGIARISM
2. to use
(another's
production)
without crediting
the source
PLAGIARISM
3. to
commit
literary
theft
PLAGIARISM
4. to present as
new and
original an idea
or product
derived from an
existing source.
Copyright infringement
under the Intellectual
Property Code, could be
considered a cybercrime
under Republic Act
10175 or the Cybercrime
law.
A penalty of 3-6
years
imprisonment and
a fine of P50,000-
P150,000.
Let us look at some famous plagiarism act here and abroad…
It came under intense
scrutiny on social
networks on Sunday
after the real owner of
the photograph,
Gregory John Smith,
revealed how "an
impostor... abused my
copyright."
First lady, Melania
Trump's 2016
speech at the
Republican National
Convention not only
mimicked the overall
message but used
some of the exact
wording of the
speech that Michelle
Obama gave in 2008
at the Democratic
National Convention.
APA
Formatting
and Style
Guide
What is APA style?
• is an author-date style for
citing and referencing
information in assignments
and publications.
• developed by the
American Psychological
Association (APA)
Why Use APA Format?
•Allows readers to cross-
reference your sources
easily
•Provides consistent
format within a discipline
•Gives you credibility as a
writer
•Protects yourself from
Purdue University Writing Lab
Where do I find APA format?
•Publication Manual of the
American Psychological
Association, 6th ed.
•www.apastyle.org
•Composition textbooks
•OWL website:
owl.english.purdue.edu
•Writing Lab Grammar Hotline:
494-3723 Purdue University Writing Lab
APA Style:
General
Format of
Paper
•8 1/2 x 11 paper.
•Double space (everything).
•Margins are set at 1-inch on
all four sides.
•Do not justify the right
margin and do not break
words at the end of a typed
•Font-size 12, Times New
Roman is the preferred
font.
•Pages numbered in
sequence starting with the
Title Page.
•Use an active voice.
•Numbers zero through nine
are written out. For all
subsequent numbers, the
numeral can be used,
•e.g. There were 59 subjects
used in the study.
•There were four that were in
Every page of your paper should:
• Include a page header (Title, all caps) in
the upper left-hand corner and
• the page number in the upper right
Page header: do
NOT include
“Running head:”
Abstract: centered,
at the top of the
page
Write a 150- to 250

word summary of
your paper in an
accurate, concise,
and specific manner.
APA Style:
Formatting
Tables
•Tables can visually display
numerical values or textual
information.
•They are neatly arranged
in columns and rows.
•Anything else (no rows or
columns) is considered a
•Use 12 pt., New Times
Roman for most tables. If
needed you can go as small as
10 pt. font, but no smaller.
Tables can be single spaced
but if there is more clarity
with additional white space it
is preferred to use double
•As much as possible, keep the
table on one page.
•It can be presented in the paper
in either landscape or portrait.
•Every row/column must have a
label.
•Use a light weight line and only
use horizontal lines, no vertical
Example
APA Style:
Formatting
Figures
•Conveys essential facts.
•Should be visually
appealing in size and
readability
•Make sure the graphic,
photograph, chart, graph,
etc., is large enough to be
•The figure number and the
caption go underneath the
figure.
•The figure number is in
italics and numerals are
used sequentially,
e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2,
Example
Example
Removing Hyperlinks
for URLs
•Place the mouse over
the hyperlink.
•Right click.
•Click on: Remove
Example
APA Style:
Two Main Concerns
•Parenthetical
Citations
•References
Common
Parenthetical
Citations
Quoting
Directly
vs.
Paraphrasing/
Summarizing
Short Quotations
If you are directly quoting from
a work, you will need to
include the author’s last name,
year of publication, and the
page number for the reference
(preceded by "p.").
Introduce the quotation with a
SIGNAL PHRASE
-a phrase that signals the reader
that either a direct quote or a
paraphrase is about to follow.
- Since it becomes monotonous
to always read “according to,”
signal phrases should be varied
and appropriate in the context.
According to Jones
(1998), "Students often
had difficulty using
APA style, especially
when it was their first
time" (p. 199).
Jones (1998) found
"students often had
difficulty using APA
style" (p. 199); what
implications does this
have for teachers?
As Bartell explains,
“Butterflies cannot
fly if their body
temperature is less
than 86 degrees”
(2008, p. 3114).
Lopez (1993) pointed out
that “the effect
disappeared within
minutes” (p. 311), which
raises questions about the
implications of the study’s
findings for a wider
demographic.
Verbs to introduce a
fact/statement:
stated, wrote, said, mentioned,
added, noted, commented,
pointed out, found, observed,
discussed, reported, expressed,
considered, explored,
illustrated
Verbs to introduce views
the author agrees with:
endorsed, confirmed,
agreed, supported, echoed,
affirmed
Verbs to introduce what
the author focuses on or
excludes:
emphasized, stressed,
focused on, highlighted,
overlooked,ignored,
downplayed, omitted,
excluded
Verbs to introduce what
the author disagrees with:
refuted, denied,
contradicted, critiqued,
rejected, called into
question, disputed,
challenged, negated
Verbs to introduce a claim:
claimed, argued, posited,
reasoned, asserted, proposed
Verbs to introduce the

author’s agreement:
acknowledged, admitted,
granted, conceded
Long Quotations
•Place direct quotations that are 40
words, or longer, in a free-standing
block of typewritten lines, and omit
quotation marks.
•Start the quotation on a new line,
indented 1/2 inch from the left margin.
•Maintain double-spacing throughout.
The parenthetical citation should come
Example:
Jones's (1998) study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first
time citing sources. This difficulty could
be attributed to the fact that many
students failed to purchase a style manual
or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
NOTE: Try not to overdo the
quotations!
•If you include too many quotations
in a research paper, readers may
form the impression that you cannot
think for yourself.
•Use direct quotations only when a
source is particularly clear or
expressive.
NOTE: Try not to overdo the
quotations!
•Similarly, try to avoid too many
long quotations. Or if you use
them, be sure that you spend time
discussing them in your own
words.
•Connect your ideas with those of
Summary or Paraphrase
If you are paraphrasing an
idea from another work,
you only have to make
reference to the author
and year of publication in
your in-text reference
Let us try to paraphrase!
With Direct Quotation

According to Jones (1998), "Students
often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first
time" (p. 199).
According to Jones
(1998), APA style is
a difficult citation
format for first-time
learners.
Let us try to paraphrase!
With Direct Quotation

According to Jones (1998), "Students
often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first
time" (p. 199).
Parenthetical Citations
One Author
-Reference in text
(when the text as a whole needs to be
cited)
-Last name (year of publication)
Rowling (2005) argues for
the development of new
curricula.
One Author
-Reference in text
(when only part of the text, such as
an idea or a quote from a specific
page, needs to be cited)
-Last name
(year of publication, page number)
Rowling (2005, p.189)
One Author
-No reference in text
-(Last name of author, copyright
year).
The development of new
curricula has been argued
before (Rowling, 2005).
Two Authors
- When a work has two authors, always cite
both.
Reference in text
-Last names of authors separated by “and”
(year of publication)
Rowling and Cramer (2005)

argue for the development of
new curricula.
Two Authors
- When a work has two authors, always
cite both.
No reference in text
-Last names of authors separated by
ampersand, year of publication
The development of new curricula
has been argued before (Rowling &
Cramer, 2005).
3 to 5 Authors
- When a work has three or more authors,
always cite all the authors the first time
the text is used. Thereafter, use the first
author’s last name followed by et al.
- Omit year upon third time citing
source.
Reference in text
- Last names of authors separated with
and before final name, (year of
publication)
3 to 5 Authors
Example:
• Rowling, Dowling, Benis,
George, and Cramer (2005)
argue for the development of
new curricula.
• Rowling et al. (2005) argue . . .
• Rowling et al. argue . . .
3 to 5 Authors
- Last names of authors separated with an
ampersand before final name, year of
publication
• The development of new curricula has
been argued before (Rowling, Dowling,
Benis, George, & Cramer, 2005).
been argued before (Rowling et al.,
2005).
6 or more Authors
-When a work has 6 or more authors, cite
just the last name of the first author
followed by “et al.” and year for the first
and all other citations
Reference in text
Johnson et al. (2005) argue …
It was argued that…(Johnson et al.,
2005)
Works without an Author
-When a work is signed “Anonymous,”
cite the word “Anonymous.”
-(Anonymous, year)
Example:
Statistics show a higher incidence of
criminal activity during the summer
months (Anonymous, 2007, pp. 89-96).
Works without an Author
-Italicize the title of a book or periodical.
(Title of Book, or Title of Periodical,
year, page number)
Example:
Statistics show a higher incidence of
criminal activity during summer months
(New Yorker, 2007, p. 97).
Group as Authors
Corporations, associations, government agencies,
research groups, etc. are usually listed each time
they are used in text, unless an abbreviation makes
the group easily recognizable.
Reference in the text
First time mentioned: Full name (year).
The Department of Education (DepEd)
reports…(2002).
Subsequent mentions: abbreviation (year).
The DepEd reports…(2002).
Group as Authors
Not reference in the text
First time mentioned (full name, year)
(Department of Education [DepEd], 2002).
Subsequent mentions (abbreviation, year)
(DepEd, 2002).
If the name is not easily recognizable by an

abbreviation, such as the University of Iowa, the
group must be spelled out each time it is
mentioned.
Personal Communication
When citing personal
communication, give the initials as
well as the surname of the
communicator, and provide the
exact date of communication. is
used for any kind of personal
communication. Either format
below is acceptable.
Example:
“The church will continue to
provide an emphasis in small
groups because that is what has
allowed us to grow the way we
have” (B. Lyle, personal
communication, May 5, 2013).
Other Format of writing :
B. Lyle stated that “the church
will continue to provide an
emphasis in small groups because
that is what has allowed us to
grow the way we have” (personal
communication, May 5, 2013).
Other Format
When no date is apparent, use n.d. in place of
the date position.
Example: (Webber, n.d.) stated that…
Sometimes there is a need to cite multiple

sources because that idea/concept is repeated in
several sources. The citations are included in
the same parenthetical, in alphabetical order.
Example: (Brown, 2005; Lang, 2013;
Smothers, 2003; & Wills, 2004).
Reference
List
Difference between reference list
and bibliography
A reference list includes just
the books, articles, and web
pages etc. that are cited in the
text of the document.
A bibliography includes all
sources consulted for
background reading.
Reference List
• Used to indicate where information
presented in the paper can be retrieved.
• Only include texts cited in the paper.
• Listed alphabetically by author or title.
• Reference list begins a new page, with
“References” centered at top of page.
• The first line of an entry is at the left
margin, and subsequent lines are
indented one-half inch (hanging
indent).
• Double-space all reference entries.
Reference Page
Most citations
should contain the
following basic
information:
•Author’s name
•Title of work
•Publication
information Purdue University Writing Lab
References: Some Examples
•Book
Shay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam:
Combat trauma and the undoing of
character. New York: Touchstone.
•Article in a Magazine
Klein, J. (1998, October 5). Dizzy days.
The New Yorker, 40-45.
•Web page
Poland, D. (1998, October 26). The hot
button. Roughcut. Retrieved October 28,
1998 from http://www.roughcut.com

•A newspaper article
Tommasini, A. (1998, October 27).
Master teachers whose artistry glows in
private. New York Times, p. B2.
•A source with no known author

Cigarette sales fall 30% as California tax
rises. (1999, September 14). New York
Times, p. A17.

DOI’s – Digital Object Identifier
•A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string
assigned to identify content and provide a
persistent link to its location on the Internet.
•The DOI may be hidden; viewing the
original copy of the article usually shows
the DOI.
•Use this format for the DOI in references:
doi:xxxxxxxxx
•When a DOI is used, no further retrieval
information is needed to identify or locate
•Journal Article with DOI
•Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik,
J. A. (2005). Volunteer support,
marital status, and the survival
times of terminally ill patients.
Health Psychology, 24, 225-
229. doi: 10.1037/0278-
6133.24.2.225
• Journal Article with DOI, more than seven
authors
• Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F.,
Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C.,
Asgaard, G., … Botros, N. (2004). Effects
of quitting smoking on EEG activation and
attention last for more than 31 days and are
more severe with stress, dependence,
DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits.
Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-
267. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001676305
•Journal Article without DOI
•Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S.
(2006). Emotional intelligence and
self-esteem mediate between
perceived early parental love and
adult happiness. E-Journal of
Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48.
Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.ph
Sample Reference Page
References
American Association for Artificial Intelligence. (2001, March). Retrieved from http://www.aaai.org
Bernstein, B. J. Atomic diplomacy: Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Diplomatic History, 28 (3), 126-129.
Broadway, B. (2002). Pink houses and family taverns. Bloomington, IL: Indiana University Press.
Broadway, B., Carrol, L., Smith, T. (2007). How the lady sings. New York: Harper.
Broadway, B., et al. (2008). How the man sings. New York: Harper.
Crane, N. F. (2003, September). Anarchy at sea. Atlantic Monthly, 50-80.
Creation of the media: Political origins of the media. (1922). Los Angeles: Houghton-Mifflin.
Foreman, R., Bennett, E., & Collins, T. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out.
The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L. C., Asgaard, G., … Botros, N. (2004).
Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe
with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267.
doi: 10.1080/14622200410001676305
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally
ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225
Jackson, G. (2004). Multiple historic meanings of the Spanish civil war. Science and Society, 68(3), 272-276.
Retrieved from the Lexis Nexis Academic database.
Kramer, C. F. (2003, June 22). A health threat baffling for its lack of a pattern. The New York Times, p. A14.
Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early
parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap
Tyson, P. A., & Gordon, M.G. (1998). The Psychology of women. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic
Association, 46, 361-364.
Van Delay, A. (1994). Venetian blinds: Contemporary study of compulsive lying. New York: Pendant Publishing.
Van Delay, A. (1997). Seinfeld: The show about nothing. New York: Penguin Books.
Reference Page
What other types of
sources might you need
to list on your reference
page?
Study the basics of APA
citation format. When
something odd comes
up, don’t guess. Look
it up!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Geraldine C. Añasco
Prenza National High School

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APA STYLE

Lecture-Workshop on the Conduct of Science Capstone/Research Projects

Write a 150- to 250

Verbs to introduce the

Jones's (1998) study found the following:

With Direct Quotation

With Direct Quotation

Rowling and Cramer (2005)

If the name is not easily recognizable by an

Sometimes there is a need to cite multiple

Purdue University Writing Lab

•A source with no known author

Purdue University Writing Lab

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