HOMO HABILIS TO HOMO SAPIENS

 Human evolution is the lengthy process of change by which

people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific
evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits
shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and
evolved over a period of approximately six million years.
 This species, one of the earliest members of the genus
homo, has a slightly larger braincase and smaller face
and teeth than in Australopithecus or older hominin
species. But it still retains some ape-like features,
including long arm and a moderately-prognathic face.
 Originally considered to be H. habilis, the way in
which H. rudoflensis differs is in its larger braincase,
longer face, and larger molar and premolar teeth.
Some scientist still wonder whether this species might
better be considered an Australopithecus, although
one with a large brain.
 Early African Homo erectus are the oldest known early
humans to have possessed modern human-like body
proportions with relatively elongated legs and shorter arms
compared to the size of the torso. These features are
considered adaptations to a life lived on the ground,
indicating the loss of earlier tree-climbing adaptations,
with the ability to walk and possibly run long distance.
 This early human species had a very large browridge,
and a larger braincase and flatter face than older early
human species. It was likely an adaptation to
conserving heat. It was the first early human species to
routinely hunt large animals and it was the first species
to build shelters, creating simple dwellings out of
wood and rock.
 Remains of one the most recently discovered early human
species, homo floresiensis have so far only been found on
the island of Flores, Indonesia. Floresiensis individuals
stood approximately 3 feet 6 inches tall, had tiny brains,
large teeth for their small size, shrugged-forward
shoulders, no chins, receding foreheads, and relatively
large feet due to their short legs, despite their small body
and brain size, H. floresiensis made and used stone tools.
 Neanderthals (the ‘th’ pronounced as ‘t’) are our closest extinct human
relative. Some defining features of their skulls include the large middle
part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge nose for humidifying
and warming cold, dry air. Their bodies were shorter and stockier than
ours, another adaptation to living in cold environments. But their
brains were just as large as our and often larger-proportional to their
brawnier bodies.
 Neanderthals made and used a diverse set of sophisticated tools,
controlled fire, live in shelters, and made and wore clothing, were
skilled hunters of large animals and also ate plant foods,. There is
evidence that Neanderthals deliberately buried their dead and
occasionally even marked their graves with offerings, such as flowers.
 The species that you and all other living human
being on this planet belong to is Homo sapiens.
During a time of dramatic climate change 300,000
years ago, Homo sapiens evolved in Africa. Like
other early humans that were living at this time,
they gathered and hunted food, and evolved
behaviors that helped them respond to the
challenge of survival in unstable environments.