Lesson 1:
The Universe and the Solar System
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Describe the structure and composition of the
Universe;
2. State the different hypothesis that preceded the Big
Bang Theory of the Origin of the Universe.
3. Explain the red-shift and how it used as proof of an
expanding universe
4. Explain the Big Bang Theory and evidences
supporting the theory.
Baryonic matter Thermonuclear
Dark matter Reactions
Dark Energy Main Sequence
Protostar Stars
Light years
Did you know that
the universe is 13.8
billion years old?
How old is the Earth/
Solar System?
a source of antigravity
Dark matter can explain what may
be holding galaxies together for the
reason that the low total mass is
insufficient for gravity alone to do
Non-scientific Thought
• Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and
myths which narrate that the world arose
from an infinite sea at the first rising of the
sun.
African God of Creation/
God of Vomit
The Kuba people of Central
Africa tell the story of a
creator god Mbombo (or
Bumba) who, alone in a dark
and water-covered Earth, felt
an intense stomach pain and
then vomited the stars, sun,
and moon.
The Hindu Creation
Story of 'Purusha the
Primal Man' The Rig
Veda
• In India, there is the narrative
that gods sacrificed Purusha, the
primal man whose head, feet,
eyes, and mind became the sky,
earth, sun, and moon
respectively.
Steady State Model
The now discredited steady state model of the universe
was proposed in 1948 by Bondi and Gould and by Hoyle.