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ANAMNESIS
IDENTIFIKASI
Nama : An. ANQ
Usia : 12 tahun 5 bulan
Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan
Agama : Islam
Alamat : Ogan Komering Ilir
Suku : Palembang
MRS : 23 Juni 2019
No. Rekam medik: 0001117648
ANAMNESIS
(Alloanamnesis, tanggal 2 Juli 2019)
5
ANAMNESIS
(Alloanamnesis, tanggal 2 Juli 2019)
6
Riwayat Penyakit
Riwayat Penyakit Dahulu
•Riwayat diare-dehidrasi pada maret 2019
•Riwayat SN = edema pada maret 2019
•Riwayat ISK + anemia pada april 2019
KEPALA
Normocephali (lingkar kepala 33 cm), rambut hitam
• MATA : Mata tidak cekung, konjungtiva tidak anemis, sklera tidak ikterik, pupil isokor
3mm/3mm, injeksi konjungtiva (-), facial flush (-)
LEHER
• Simetris, tidak ada deviasi trakhea, tidak teraba pembesaran KGB
KHUSUS ABDOMEN
Abdomen
THORAX
Paru-paru Jantung I: Datar
P: nyeri tekan (+), lemas, tur
I: Statis dan dinamis I: Tidak tampak ictus gor kulit baik, hepar dan lien
simetris, retraksi (-) cordis belum dapat dinilai.
P: Strem fremitus ka P: Thrill tidak teraba P: Timpani, asites (-)
nan=kiri P: Redup, dalam bat A: Bising usus (+) normal
P: Sonor di kedua la as normal
pang paru A: BJ I dan II reguler, EKSTREMITAS
A: Vesikuler (+) nor Gallop (-), Murmur (-) Edema (-), sianosis (-), capill
mal, ronkhi (-/-), whe
ary refill < 2 detik detik, akral
ezing (-/-)
hangat (+), ptekie (-).
STATUS NEUROLOGIKUS
Fungsi motorik Lengan Kanan Lengan Kiri Kaki kanan Kaki kiri
Gerakan Aktif Aktif Aktif Aktif
Kekuatan 5 5 5 5
Tonus Eutoni Eutoni Eutoni Eutoni
Klonus - - - -
Refleks fisiologis tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan
Refleks patologis tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan
PEMERIKSAAN
IMUNOSEROLO Dengue
DengueIgM
IgG
(+)(-) Dengue NS I Ag :
Hb-A1c : 10%
GI Reaktif
DAFTAR MASALAH
•
01
Haus
02
• Nyeri Perut
03 • Sering Kencing
04 • Sesak
DIAGNOSIS BANDING
01
03
Diet (45-40% karbohidrat, 15-20% protein,
04 30% lemak dan 10% snack diselingi)
Monitoring tanda hipoglikemia
Diabetes melitus tipe I / IDD
Epidemiologi 98% DM pada anak dan remaja
Dulu dikenal Juvenile M
onset diabetes atau Ketosis
prone diabetes.
Gejala klinis tidak sama persis dengan tipe II. Pada
umumnya gejala klinis bersifat akut, dengan riwayat
klasik adanya poliuria, polidipsia, dan polifagia. Kehi
langan berat badan merupakan tanda yang khas.
Patofisiologi
Pada DM tipe I, dikenal 2 bentuk dengan patofisiologi
– Tipe IA genetik dan lingkungan mempengaruhi terjadinya kerusakan pankre
as. HLA-DR4 ditemukan mempunyai hubungan yang sangat erat
– Tipe IB keadaan autoimun primer pada penderita yang juga sering menunju
kkan manifestasi autoimun lainnya, seperti Hashimoto disease, Graves diseas
e, pernicious anemia, dan myasthenia gravis. Keadaan ini berhubungan denga
n antigen HLA-DR3 dan muncul pada usia sekitar 30 - 50 tahun.
Insulin
Dosis total insulin adalah 0,5 - 1 UI/kg BB/hari.
Selama pemberian perlu dilakukan pemantauan glukosa d
arah atau reduksi air kemih.
Gejala hipoglikemia dapat timbul karena kebutuhan insulin
berkurang. Pada keadaan ini, dosis insulin harus diturun
kan bahkan sampai kurang dari 0,5 UI/kg BB/hari, tetapi
sebaiknya tidak dihentikan sama sekali.
4 Pillars of good diabetes con
1. Diet
trol
2. Insulin
3. Exercise
4. Behavioural
Diet
Jumlah kebutuhan kalori untuk anak usia 1 tahun sampai d
engan usia pubertas dapat juga ditentukan dengan rumu
s sebagai berikut :
1000 + (usia dalam tahun x 100) = ....... Kalori/hari
Komposisi sumber kalori per hari sebaiknya terdiri atas :
– 50-55% karbohidrat
– 10-15% protein (semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya umur)
– 30-35% lemak.
Pembagian kalori per 24 jam diberikan 3 kali makanan uta
ma dan 3 kali makanan kecil sebagai berikut :
• 20% berupa makan pagi.
• 10% berupa makanan kecil.
• 25% berupa makan siang.
• 10% berupa makanan kecil.
Technical issues:
2. Insulin
Storage
Expired
Injection sites (lipohypertrophy)
Non-adherence
skipping injections
wrong doses
Terapi Insulin
Insulin replacement
Prandial (bolus) insulin
- to mimic response of e
ndogenous insulin to foo
d intake
Basal insulin
- small but constant release
of insulin that regulates li
polysis and output of hep
atic glucose
Konvesional insulins:
Insulin
Short acting (Actrapid, Humulin R)
digunaka 30 menit sebelum makan
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