Chapter 29 – Reflection

and Fraction
Reflection and Refraction
 29.1 Reflection
• Waves are almost total reflected at
the wall
 Transmission into a new
Medium
• Waves are only partially reflected
• When Light Hits water
perpendicularly about 2% is reflected
• About 4% with Glass
29.2 The Law of Reflection

Normal
Angle of Angle of
Incidence Reflection
Inci
d ent
Ray
R ay
t ed
I ec
Ref

Mirror
Law of Reflection
 29.3 Mirrors
• Image is Virtual because it appears
that it is behind the mirror
Concave and Convex
Mirrors
 Again

http://sol.sci.uop.edu/~jfalward/physics17/c
hapter12/chapter12.html
 Telling Questions
• If you look at your blue shirt in the
mirror, what color is the image?
• What does this tell you about the
frequency of the light incident
compared with the light reflected?
• If you take a picture standing 2 m
away from a mirror…
 29.4 Diffuse Reflection
• When Light Hits a Rough Surface
• Each individual ray obeys the laws of
reflection
 Polished or Rough?
• This will see like a smooth surface for
long-wavelengths
 29.5 Reflection of Sound
• Echo is reflected sound
• Sound not reflected is absorbed or
transmitted
• Sound reflects from all surfaces
• The Study of the reflective property
of surfaces is called Acoustics
• Multiple reflections are know as
reverberations
 Reverberations
• When surfaces are too reflective the
sound gets garbled.
• When they are
too absorbent
the sound is
dull.
• Acoustics strike
a balance
 Concert Hall
• Great Acoustics!
 29.6 Refraction
• Wave speed changes where the air
meets the water
• This is also known as a
wave front
 Refraction
• Another Example
 29.7 Refraction of Sound
• Uneven Winds
• Sound also travels quicker in warmer
air
 Telling Question
• You are downwind from a factory
whistle. In which case will the whistle
sound louder, if the wind is faster on
the ground or faster a few meters
above the ground?
 29.8 Refraction of Light
• Wavefront is Perpendicular to the
direction of the wave
• Caused by changes in c as it passes
from one medium to another
Index of Refraction
n = c in a vacuum = c
c in material ν

n1 sin θ1 = n 2sin θ2
θ1

Snell’s Law

θ2
29.9 Atmospheric Refraction
• Hot air has lower n than cooler air
• So light travels faster through the
cooler air
Atmospheric Refraction
 Pumpkin Sun
• You see the sun even after it has
gone below the horizon.
• Since the atmosphere has different
densities …
 Telling Question
• If the speed if light were the same for
the different temperatures and
densities of air, would there still be
mirages? Slightly longer Daytimes?
and a Pumpkin sun at sunset?
29.10 Dispersion in a Prism
• In a transparent medium, c is less.
• Also different frequencies of light
travel at different speeds
• Red travels about 1% faster than
violet
• So each color bends ay a slightly
different angle
• This is Dispersion
 29.11 The Rainbow
• Classic Dispersion Example
• Violet bends the most
• Red the least
 Rainbow
• If you were to see this from above
the rainbow would appear like a
complete circle.
• The ground gets in the way
 Rainbow Reconstructed
• Higher drops trasmit the lower
frequency light
 Telling Question
• If light traveled at the same speed in
raindrops as it does in air, would we
still have rainbows?
 29.12 Total Internal
Reflection
• Critical Angle for water is about 48°
• Glass about 43°
• More than that the light is internally
reflected
 Total Internal Reflection -
Prisms
• Will bounce around inside until the
angle is less than 43°
 Diamonds
• Critical angle is 24.6°
• Smaller than another other material
• What was the speed of light through
Glass?
 Optic Fibers – Internal
Reflection Applied
• Higher frequencies of Light than
Electrical Current
13-2 The Law of Reflection

Normal
Angle of Angle of
Incidence Reflection
Inci
d ent
Ray
R ay
θ t ed
Iec1
θi θr Ref

Mirror
 Vocabulary
• Object Distance – Distance from
Mirror to Object
• Image distance- from Mirror to Image
• Focal Point – where parallel rays
meet
• Focal Length - From FP to
mirror
 Vocabulary
• Reflection – Bouncing of Light
• FL of Concave or Converging Mirror is
always +
• FL of Convex or Diverging Mirror is
always -
 Mirror Equation

1 = 1 + __ _1_ _
focal length object distance image distance

1 =1 + 1_
f d o di
 13-2 Example 3
• Reflection of a car at 40°
 13-2 Example 4
d o= 15cm f=?

1
di = -4cm =1 + 1_
f d o di
1 = 1 1_
+
f 15cm -4cm
4 15_
= -
60cm 60cm
= - 11
60cm

= - 60cm
11
-5.5 cm
 13-2 Example 5
d o= 6cm f=?

1
di = -12cm =1 + 1_
f d o di
1 = 1 1_
+
f 6cm -12cm
2 1_
= -
12cm 12cm
= 1
12cm

12 cm
 13-3 Refraction
n = c in a vacuum = c
c in material ν

n1 sin θ1 = n 2sin θ2
θ1

Critical Angle

n1 sin θc = n 2sin 90°

θ2
 13-3 Example 6 – Watch
c = 3 X 108m / s n=?
n = c in a vacuum = c
v = 1.9 X 108m / s c in material ν
8
n = 3 X10 m8 / s =
1.9 C 10 m / s

1.58
 13-3 Example 7
θ1= ?
n1 = 1.33 (water)
n2 = 1 (air) n1 sin θ1 = n 2sin θ2
θ2= 60°
sin θ 1= n2sin θ 2
n1
(1) sin 60°
1.33
.651

θ1= sin-1.651

40.6°
 Chapter 29 - Objectives
• Describe what happens to light when
it strikes Different materials
• Describe the Law of reflection
• Explain why a mirror forms a virtual
Image
• Describe Defuse reflection
• Give Examples of ways to control
reflected sound.
 Chapter 29 – Objectives
• Explain the change in direction of a wave
when it crosses a boundary between media
• Describe the effects of the refraction of
sound waves
• Describe the effects of the refraction of light
• Explain how Mirages are formed
• Explain how a prism separates white light
into colors
 Chapter 29 – Objectives
• Describe how a rainbow is formed
• Describe total internal reflection, its
effects, and its applications.
 •Section 21.2: Standing Waves
•Section 21.3: Transverse Standing Waves
•Section 21.4: Standing Sound Waves and Musical Acoustics
Side-screen Slides
Central Screen tablet notes
Applet showing pulse interference
Sinusoidal Wave Addition Applet
Animations of 1D and 2D Standing Waves
Reflection/Transmission animations:

A pulse traveling from a region of low wave speed to higher wave speed. The reflected pulse is positive
Web Format PDF Format
Web Format Powerpoint Format (.ppt)PDF Format

pulse traveling from a region of high wave speed to lower wave speed. The reflected pulse is negative