$5.00
S
4.00 Excess supply
Price per DVD
3.50 A
3.00
2.50 E
2.00 C
1.50
Excess demand
1.00 D
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Quantity of DVDs supplied and demanded
The Graphical Interaction of
Supply and Demand
S0
B
$2.50 Excess demand
A
2.25
D0 D1
0 8 9 10
Quantity of DVDs (per week)
The Effects of a Shift
of the Demand Curve
Decrease in Supply
• A decrease in supply creates excess
demand at the original equilibrium
price.
• The excess demand pushes price
upward until a new higher price and
lower quantity are reached.
Decrease in Supply
S1
S0
C
$2.50 Excess demand
B
2.25 A
D0
0 8 9 10
Quantity of DVDs (per week)
The Limitations Of Supply And
Demand Analysis
• The other-things-constant
assumption is likely not to hold when
the goods represent a large
percentage of the entire economy.
A Price Floor
Rent Controls