PEERS

AS
CONTEXT
REFERS TO PEOPLE WHO STUTTER HELPING
EACH OTHER BY LISTENING, SHARING
COMMON EXPERIENCES. EXPLORING
OPTIONS AND GIVING SUPPORT.
PEER COUNSELING IS BASED ON
COMMUNICATION, EMPATHY AND
UNDERSTANDING.
FRIENDS’ ATTITUDES, NORMS AND BEHAVIORS HAVE A
STRONG INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS.
 MANY PERSONAL ISSUES ARE OFTEN INTRODUCED TO
THE INDIVIDUAL BY THEIR PEERS.
IN MOST CASES, THE IMPACT OF PARENT INFLUENCE
CAN HELP COUNTER THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE THAT
PEERS HAVE ON THE ADOLESCENTS’ ISSUES.
NEIGHBOR-
HOOD
AS CONTEXT
 IT IS JUST SPECIFICALLY RELAY TO US THAT
NEIGHBORS CAN ALSO BE PART IN MOLDING ONE'S
CHARACTER.
FURTHERMORE, A FAMILY THAT FUNCTIONS
WITHIN A PARTICULAR NEIGHBORHOOD MUST BE
GUARDED AGAINST CRIME AND SOCIAL ISOLATION
THAT MAY IMPACT THEM.
ONE OF THEM IS WHEN PARENTS ARE
SEPARATING, THE STIGMA OF HAVING
A BROKEN FAMILY REMAINED THE
TOPICS AMONG NEIGHBORS LONG
AFTER IT HAD HAPPENED. BUT WHAT
BEDAZZLED ME ABOUT IS THAT
NEIGHBORS ARE MORE CONCERN
ABOUT THEIR CO-NEIGHBORS
PROBLEM THAT THEIR OWN.
CULTURE
AS
CONTEXT
 CULTURE PROVIDED MEANING
AND COHERENCE OF LIFE TO
ANY ORDERLY LIFE SUCH AS
COMMUNITY OR
ORGANIZATION. VARIOUS
SECTORS OF COMMUNITY
FAMILIES, PEERS AND
NEIGHBORHOOD ARE ALL
BOUND TOGETHER BY CULTURAL
CONTEXT THAT INFLUENCES
THEM ALL AS INDIVIDUAL
MEMBER.
COUNSELING
AS
CONTEXT
ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH, THE
COUNSELING IN ITSELF IS A
CONTEXT.
COUNSELING CAN THEREFORE BE
AFFECTED BY THE COUNSELING
CONTEXT.
 The client is not a passive
object who sits there and
CLIENT is treated in the manner of
a traditional doctor-
FACTORS patient situation. A critical
question is about what is
going on in their heads
and they hence need to be
an active part of the
process.
If they have positive expectation and faith in the
counseling process and counselor, then their
chances of success will increase. Likewise if
they have willingly sought out the counselor
and are truly seeking resolution then this will
help too.
  The counselor has a significant
effect on the outcomes of the
sessions. They first should
COUNSELOR encourage and support the client in
FACTORS taking a positive viewpoint about
the treatment and the outcomes.
 A counselor who is warm and has
an empathetic and positive regard
for their clients, with a non-
judgmental and accepting approach
will be more likely to create the
right conditions for success.
 The context in which
counseling takes place
CONTEXTUAL can define the outcomes.
FACTORS Consider the
environment and
atmosphere where the
counseling happens.
There are ideal context
and not ideal ones.
 IDEAL NOT IDEAL
POSITIVE AND PHYSICAL NOISE
DISTANCE
COMFORTABLE PLACE NOT COMFORTABLE
QUIET PLACE AREA
OTHER
WARM COMMUNICATION
BARRIER
PROCESS The Process
FACTORS factors constitute
the actual
counseling
undertake.
VELLEMEAN (2001) SIX STAGES:
A. DEVELOPING TRUST
B. EXPLORING PROBLEM AREAS
C. HELPING TO SET GOALS
D. EMPOWERING INTO ACTION
E. HELPING TO MAINTAIN CHANGE
F. AGREEING WHEN TO END THE HELPING
RELATIONSHIP.