 Acts as a selective barrier to control the

movement of essential substances for our

survival.
- Boundary that separates it from outside and
inside of the cell.
 Semi permeable ( tends to regulate only
certain substances that goes into and out of
the cell).
 Fluid mosaic model
 Proteins
- as the receptors, transmit messages to the cells
interior.
- support structure providing cell shape
- Transport, create tunnels , which selectively allow
certain substances to enter and exit the cell.
 Carbohydrates

- Attached to proteins define the cells unique

charcteristics and identify chemical signals.
 Cholesterol

- Prevent fatty acid tails of the phospholipid layer

from sticking to each other.
- which contribute to the fluidity of the cell.
 TRANSPORT MOLECULES

THREE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF

MOLECULES THAT AFFECT TEHIR ABILITY TO
CROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE;

1. Include the size (micromolecules and macromolecules)

2. Charge (polar or non polar)
3. Solubility ( Lipid-soluble or not soluble)

Molecules can cross the membrane in three ways:

1. Passive Transport
2. Active Transport
3. Bulk transport
 Concentration Gradient- the difference between the
amount of molecules present at two regions , which
determine the movement of molecules.

TRANSPORT MECHANISM ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE

• PASSIVE TRANSPORT- movement of ions, or other atomic

or molecular substances across the membranes without need
of energy input.
DIFFUSION- natural process where molecules from the
air move from a point of greater concentration to a point
of lesser concentration to attain equilibrium.
OSMOSIS- diffusion of water molecules across the
mebrane.
- Movement of water from a point of higher
concentration to a lower concentration
WATER POTENTIAL
- Term used to describe the movement of water
molecules as they undergo osmosis.
- Measure of the difference between the force pushes
the water molecules and the force exerted by the
membrane.
• ACTIVE TRANSPORT- a movement of ions or molecules
across a membrane from low concentration to higher
concentration
- Requires energy and carrier proteins
• BULK TRANSPORT OR VESICULAR TRANSPORT- large
molecules are transported into and out of the cell through
carrier proteins. They enter the cell in a different process that
requires energy.

ENDOCYTOSIS
- The cell membrane bends inward or invaginates , forming
a vesicle containing the macromolecule to be
transported.

3 types of Endocytosis
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Receptor mediated endocytosis
 PHAGOCYTOSIS
- Or “cell eting” process by
which cell take in large particles
or solids through infolding of the
cell membrane to form
endocytic vesicles.

PINOCYTOSIS
- Or “cell drinking” process of taking fluids into
the cell by invagination of the cell membrane.
RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS
- Process by which cells absorb metabolites , hormones, proteins
and in some cases viruss by inward budding of the plasma
membrane.
• EXOCYTOSIS
- Materials are package by the golgi, proteins produced by
ribosomes secreted out of the cell.