IMPLANTASI
FERTILISASI: IMPLANTASI:
Proses Proses
penyatuan sel menempelnya
sperma dan zigot pada
ovum dinding
membentuk endometrium
zigot
Gametogenesis
• Gametogenesis is the creation of gametes.
• In males, it is spermatogenesis, creation of sperm.
• In females, it is oogenesis, creation of ova.
Oogenesis
• Occurs in the ovaries and in the oviducts.
7 million at 5th month
2 million at birth
40,000 at puberty
Use 40 – 50 per cycle
(others just die off)
~480 ovulations =
~13 per year for 37 years
Hormones
Gn-RH
FSH
LH
estrogen
FOLLICLES AND THE OVARIAN CYCLE II
primary primary
unilaminar multilaminar secondary
follicle follicle follicle
primordial
follicles
secondary oöcyte
surrounded by
corona radiata
tertiary follicle
antrum
(Graafian
follicle)
ovulated
corpus albicans secondary oöcyte
surrounded by
corona radiata
follicle cells left
corpus luteum behind in ovary
FERTILISASI
• A complex interaction between the male and
female gametes to form a zygote.
• Normally occurs in the ampulla of uterine
tube within 24 hours after ovulation.
TRANSPOR OOSIT
TRANSPOR SPERMA
• KAPASITASI
• REAKSI AKROSOM
TAHAPAN-TAHAPAN FERTILISASI
• •perjalana
n sperma
melalui
corona
radiata
• •Penetrasi
zona
pelusida
Reaksi
Akrosom
• Fusi membran plasma
sperma dengan oosit
reaksi korteks dan zona,
pembelahan meiosis
ke2 selesai, pengaktifan
metabolik ssel telur
• Penyelesaian
pembelahan meiosis
yang ke2
• Pembentukan
pronucleus pria
• Fusion of pronuclei
• Formation of a zygote
Hasil utama pembuahan:
1. Pemulihan jumlah diploid kromosom
2. Penentuan jenis kelamin
3. Inisiasi pembelahan
DARI FERTILISASI KE IMPLANTASI
• Sekitar 30 jam setelah fertilisasi, zigot
mengalami pembelahan mitosis. Proses ini
disebut cleavage
• Hal ini menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah sel
secara cepat
• Setiap sel yang membelah akan berukuran
lebih kecil blastomer
• Morula & blastocyst
• •Trophoblast:
• •Cytotrophoblast
• •Syncytiotrophoblast
• Implantation
–Trophoblast forms
placenta
–“Inner cell mass”
forms embryo
IMPLANTASI
• Sekitar 6-7 hari
setelah fertilisasi,
embrio
menanamkan
dirinya ke
dinding uterus
MINGGU II: DISKUS GERMINATIVUM
NBILAMINAR
MINGGU III: DISKUS GERMINATIVUM
TRILAMINAR
• Disebut gastrulasi proses pembentukan 3
lapisan germinativum (ektoderm, mesoderm,
dan endoderm)
MINGGU 3-8: ORGANOGENESIS
• Ektoderm: SSP, SST, epitel sensorik telinga,
hidung, mata, epidermis (termasuk kulit dan
kuku), kelenjar subkutis, mamaria, hipofisis dan
email gigi
• Mesoderm: membran pembungkus organ, sistem
vaskular (jantung, arteri, vena, pembuluh lime,
sel darah dan limfe), sistem urigenitasl, limpa dan
korteks kel suprarenal
• Endoderm: saluran cerna, nafas dan kandung
kemih, parenkim tiroid, paratiroid, hati, pankreas,
kavitas timpani dan tuba auditiva
MINGGU 3 HINGGA LAHIR:
PEMBENTUKAN JANIN DAN PLASENTA
• Dari minggu 9 hingga lahir disebut periode janin
pematangan orhan dan pertumbuhan organ
yang pesat
• At the beginning of the third month, head
growth begins to slow and the body increases in
length.
• Ossification centers appear in bones.
• Sex can be determined sometime in the third
month.
Fifth through Seventh
Months
• Mother begins to feel
fetal movement.
• Wrinkled skin covered
by fine hair, lanugo, is
covered by a greasy
substance vernix
caseosa.
• Lungs lack surfactant.
Eighth and Ninth Months
• Fetus usually rotates so head is pointed
down toward cervix.
• Fetus is now about 530 mm in length
and weighs about 3,400 g.
• Full-term babies have the best chance of
survival.
• Development before Birth
• • Stages of development.
• – Neurula - Nervous system develops from
• ectoderm located just above the
• notochord.
• Involves induction as one tissue
• influences the development of another
• tissue.
• Placenta
• –Provides large area for exchange of O2, CO2,
nutrients, metabolic wastes between fetal and
maternal blood.
Fetal Circulation