Presentation

On
Types of Engine
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology

Submitted To : Dr. Bedati Moulik

Name - KARTIK Enrolment No. - A2327018003

 Engine

The engine is the vehicle's main source of power. The engine

uses fuel and burns it to produce mechanical power. The heat
produced by the combustion is used to create pressure which
is then used to drive a mechanical device.

OR

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one

form of energy into mechanical energy.(According to Wikipedia)
 Types of Engine
The classification of the engines depends upon:
• the types of fuel used
• cycle of operation
• number of stroke
• type of ignition
• number of cylinders
• arrangement of cylinders
• valve arrangement
• types of cooling etc.

These engines are used in different areas such as in

automotive industries, aircraft industries, marine industries,
etc. according to their suitability they are used in different
areas.
 Types of Engine
Basically the engines are of two types, and these are:

• external combustion engines

• internal combustion engines
Types of Engine
 Types of Engine
External combustion engine: In external combustion
engine, the combustion of fuel takes place outside the
engine.
Example: steam engine

Internal combustion engine: In internal combustion

engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine.
Two stroke and four stroke petrol and diesel engine are the
examples of internal combustion engine.

There are different types of internal combustion (I.C.) engine

and there classification depends upon various basis.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Design

Reciprocating engine: In reciprocating engine, there is a

piston and cylinder, the piston does reciprocating (to and Fro)
motion within the cylinder. Due to the reciprocating motion of
the piston, it is called reciprocating engine.
2 stroke and four stroke engines are the common examples of
reciprocating engine.

Rotary engine: In rotary engine, the rotor does rotary

motion to produce power. There is no reciprocating motion. A
rotor is present in the chamber which does rotary motion
inside a chamber.
Wankel rotary engine , turbine engines are the rotary types of
engine.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Fuel Used

On the basis of types of fuel used, the engine is classified as

petrol engine, diesel engine and gas engine.

Petrol engine: The engine which uses petrol for its working
is called petrol engine.

Diesel engine: The engine which uses diesel for its working
is called diesel engine.

Gas engine: An engine using gas fuel for the working is

called gas engine.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Cycle of Operation

Otto cycle engine: These types of engine works on Otto

cycle.

Diesel cycle engine: The engine working on diesel cycle is

called diesel cycle engine.

Dual cycle engine or semi-diesel cycle engine: The

engine that works on both diesel as well as Otto cycle is
called dual cycle engine or semi diesel cycle engine.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Number of Strokes

Four Stroke Engine: It is an engine in which the piston moves

four times i.e.2 upward (form BDC to TDC) and 2 downward (from
TDC to BDC) movement in one cycle of power stroke is called four
stroke engines.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Number of Strokes

Two Stroke Engine: The engine in which the piston does two
times motion i.e. one from TDC to BDC and other from BDC to TDC
to produce a power stroke is called two stroke engines.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Ignition

Spark ignition engine (S.I. engine): In spark ignition engine

there is a spark plug which is fitted at the engine head. The
spark plug produces spark after the compression of the fuel and
ignites the air fuel mixture for the combustion. The petrol
engines are spark ignition engine.

Compression ignition engine (C.I. engine): In Compression

ignition engine there is no spark plug at the cylinder head. The
fuel is ignited by the heat of the compressed air. The diesel
engines are compression ignition engine.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Number of Cylinders

Single cylinder engine: An engine which consists of single

cylinder is called single cylinder engine. Generally the single
cylinder engines are used in motorcycles, scooter, etc

Double cylinder engine: The engine which consists of two

cylinders is called double cylinder engine

Multi cylinder engine: An engine which consists of more

than two cylinders is called multi cylinder engine. The multi
cylinder engine may have three, four, six, eight, twelve and
sixteen cylinder
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Number of Cylinders
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Arrangement of
Cylinders

Vertical engine: In vertical engines, the cylinders are

arranged in vertical position as shown in the diagram
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Arrangement of
Cylinders

Horizontal engine: In horizontal engines, the cylinders are

placed horizontal position as shown in the diagram given
below
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis
of Arrangement of Cylinders

Radial engine: The radial

engine is reciprocating type
internal combustion engine
configuration in which the
cylinders radiate outward from a
central crankcase like the spokes
of a wheel. When it is viewed
from the front, it resembles a
stylised star and is called a ‘star’
engine. Before the gas turbine
engine is not become
predominant, it is commonly
used for aircraft engines
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Arrangement of Cylinders

V-engine: In v types of engine, the cylinders are placed in two

banks having some angle between them. The angle between the
two banks is keep as small as possible to prevent vibration and
balancing problem.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Arrangement of
Cylinders

W type engine: In w type engines, the cylinders are

arranged in three rows such that it forms W type
arrangement. W type engine is made when 12 cylinder and 16
cylinder engines are produced.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis
of Arrangement of Cylinders

Opposed cylinder engine: In

opposed cylinder engine, the
cylinders are place opposite to
each other. The piston and the
connecting rod show identical
movement. It is runs smoothly
and has more balancing. The
size of the opposed cylinder
engine increase because of its
arrangement.
 Types of Engine
Types of Engine on the basis of Type of Cooling

Air cooled engines: In these engines, the air is used to cool the
engines. In air cooled engines the cylinder barrels are separated
and metal fins are used which provides radiating surface area
that increase cooling. The air cooled engines are generally used
in motorcycles and scooters

Water cooled engines: In water cooled engines, the water is

used for the cooling of engine. Water cooled engines are used in
cars, buses, trucks and other four wheeled vehicles, heavy duty
motor vehicles. An anti-freezing agent is added in the water to
prevent it from freezing during cold weather. Every water cooled
engines has radiator for the cooling of hot water from the engine
 Types of Engine

Beside all we have discussed by now, the internal

combustion engine is also classified on the basis of
the following :

• Speed
• Method of Fuel Injection
• Method of Governing
• Applications
 Types of Engine

On the basis of speed, the types of engines are:

• Low speed engine

• Medium speed engine
• High speed engine
 Types of Engine

On the basis of method of fuel injection the engines

are classified as:

• Carburettor engine
• Air injection engine
• Airless or solid injection engine
 Types of Engine

Method of Governing

• Hit and miss governed engine: It is an engine type in

which the entry of the fuel is controlled by the governor.
It controls the speed of the engine by cutting off the
ignition and fuel supply of the engine at very high
speed.
• Qualitatively governed engine
• Quantitatively governed engine
 Types of Engine
On the basis of Application

Stationary engine: Stationary engine is an engine in which

its framework does not move. It is used to drive immobile
equipment like pump, generator, mill or factory machinery
etc.

Automotive engine: These are the types of engines which

are used in automobile industries. For example: petrol
engine, diesel engine, gas engine are internal combustion
engines falls in the category of automotive engine
 Types of Engine
On the basis of Application

Locomotive engine: The engines which are used in trains

are called locomotive engines

Marine engine: The engines which are used in marines for

boat or ship propulsion is called marine engine

Aircraft engine: Types of engine which are used in aircraft

is called aircraft engine. Radial and gas turbine engines are
used in aircraft propulsion
THANK YOU