IMMANUEL KANT

IMMANUEL KANT
(22 April 1724----12 February 1804)
one of the most influential philosophers in the
history of Western philosophy.

Kant Childhood was quite poor and religious

Kant was a new kind of philosopher

 His contributions to metaphysics,

epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have had a
profound impact on almost every philosophical
movement that followed him.
 IMMANUEL KANT
TWO COMPONENTS OF SELF –
C ACCORDING TO KANT
is the theory that reason, rather than
O
experience, is the foundation of all
N
(RATIONALISM) knowledge.
S
C Inner Self psychological state and
I rational intellect.
O
U (EMPIRICISM)
S Outer Self sense and the
N physical world.
E
S asserts that knowledge is only
S attained through the senses. In
other words, seeing is believing
 (16 July 1943)
(Canadian-American)
 Educated at the University of British Columbia, the University
of Pittsburgh, and the University of Oxford
 married to the philosopher Paul Churchland
 she taught philosophy at the University of Manitoba from 1969
to 1984
 She is UC President’s Professor of Philosophy Emerita the
University of California, San Diego (UCSD) where she taught
since 1984
 She has also held an adjunct professorship at the Salk
Institute for Biological Studies since 1989
 She is a member of the Board of Trustees Moscow Center for
Consciousness Studies of Philosophy Department, Moscow
State University.
SELF -PATRICIA SMITH CHURCHLAND
•She views the self as the brain and there is no “mind” beyond the
brain. No “self ” beyond it and no soul.

SELF = BRAIN
Touching “My brain and I are inseparable. I am who I am because my brain is
the what it is. Even so, I often think about my brain in terms different
from those I use when thinking about myself. I think about my brain
Nerve as that and about myself as me. I think about my brain as having
neurons, but I think of me as having a memory. Still, I know that my
memory is all about the neurons in my brain. Lately, I think about my
brain in more intimate terms— as me.”