ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION

INTRODUCTION
• Objective: Filter out an interference
component by identifying a linear model b/w
a noise source & an interference.
• Proposed by Widrow & Glover in 1975.
• used in ECGs, long distance telephone
transmission lines etc.
• Linear adaptive noise cancellation extended to
non linear realm by non-linear adaptive s/ms.
 • X(k) = fetal ECG
• n(k) = maternal
ECG
• d(k) = distorted
n(k)
• y(k) = output

Y(k) = x(k) + d(k) = x(k) + f(n(k), n(k-1), n(k-2),…)

• Desired o/p : y(k)
• o/p : dˆ(k) = fˆ(n(k), n(k-1), n(k-2)..)
• Fˆ( ) is a function implemented by ANFIS.
• ANFIS tries to minimize,

ll e(k) ll^2 = ll y(k) – dˆ(k) ll^2

= ll x(k) + d(k) – dˆ(k) ll^2

• Here ANFIS minimizes the error component attributable to d(k) ie,

ll d(k) – fˆ(n(k), n(k-1), n(k-2)… ll^2
• Adaptive noise cancellation is valid only when,

1. The noise signal n(k) should be available and

independent of the information s/g x(k).
2. The information s/g x(k) should be zero
mean.
3. Order of passage dynamics is known.
 EXPERIMENT
• unknown non linear passage dynamics were assumed
to be defined as,

• n(k) – noise source

• d(k) – resultant from nonlinear passage dynamics f( )
• Since f( ) is unknown we use ANFIS to approximate this
function under the assumption that we do know f( ) is
of order 2.
• We assume the information s/g is expressed as,

• K – step count
• Sampling period – 5 micro seconds

• When k runs from 0 to 1000, we assume the measurable

noise source is Gaussian with 0 mean & unity variance.
Due to the non linear passage dynamics of f( ) and the large amplitude of
d( ), it is hard to correlate y(k) and x(k) in the time domain.
• To use ANFIS, 500 training data pairs were
selected.
• 4 rule ANFIS used to fit the training data.
• 2 i/ps were assigned generalised bell
membership functions.
SIMULATION RESULTS
• After 20 epochs of training data, error could not
be minimized to 0.
• Using ANFIS, dˆ(k) expressed as,
dˆ(k) = fˆ(n(k), n(k-1))
• Estimated information s/g xˆ(k) is derived as y(k)
– dˆ(k).
• Estimation error is expected to decrease if more
training data used are used over more training
epochs.
THANK YOU…