INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

A study for Water Supply Augmentation to

the Mwanhuzi Town-Tanzania
By:
Tumusherure Robert
(185470254)
IWM-2018-2020
Under the guidance of : Prof.& Head M.L. Kansal
Department of Water Resources Development and Management
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

 Climate consequences and continued population growth has

forced water supply Authorities to undertake water supply
augmentation (Haddad,2004)

 Water supply augmentation is a broad term combining all

water supply sources options either conventional or non
conventional to increase the volume of water to meet present
and future demand of a specific town

 Arid and semi-arid regions experience high evaporation than

precipitation leading to the water supply crisis.

 Due to water crisis, Augmentation of water supply is inevitable

because “Without water there would be no life of any kind on
the earth” (Wagner 1959)
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 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

 Salient features of Mwanhuzi town

 Head quarter of Meatu district, Simiyu region-Tanzania
 Longitude 34° 13’E to 34° 25’E
 Latitude 3° 24’ N to 3° 15’ N
 The town is focal point of
tourists for Maswa game
reserve and is commercial
center of Meatu District
 Semi-arid region.
 Temperature Range 15-35°C
 Average rainfall 330-550mm

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 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY AT MWANHUZI TOWN

 Storage reservoir – For domestic use, drinking, etc.

 The reservoir capacity is 1.6Mm3
 0.193Mld is daily conveyed to the treatment plant.
 Previously, there was old Mwanyahina dam with reservoir
capacity of 1.1Mm3 but collapsed due to overtopping failure.
Old Mwanyahina New Mwanyahina

Collapsed dam Existing dam

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Layout of Mwanhuzi Town and reservoir location

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 POPULATION AND DEMAND

 The population of Mwanhuzi is 20,175 ( Census, 2012)

 The population density 146.5/km2 and area of 138km2
 Different demands
Domestic demand= 100lpcd
Fire demand = 15lpcd
Wastage and losses =50lpcd

 Total demand = 165lpcd

 Average daily demand = 165x20175 =3.33Mld
 Maximum daily demand = 1.8x3.33 =6Mld
 Maximum hourly demand =2.7x3.33 =9Mld

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 NEED FOR WATER SUPPLY AUGMENTATION

 Mwanhuzi is situated in semi-arid climate which suffer long spell

drought leading to water crisis starting from May to September.
 Water crisis is more worse during dry season when the river does
not flow into the reservoir.
 Soon after dry season start, the water stored in the reservoir can
not cater more than 11 days a head. i.e
Storage available =1.6Mm3 66.67Mld
Daily demand = 0.144Mm3 6.0Mld
 Duration of reservoir sustainability =66.67/6 = 11 days.
 At this point, water conveyed to the TP looks completely as
mud and it takes more time to be treated.
 People do excavate ponds of 1.5-2m a cross the river to serve their lives

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PREVIOUS EFFORTS FOR WATER SUPPLY AUGMENTATION

 Detailed geophysical survey was carried out at Mwagwila

village along Semu-River basin. (May, 2017)
 8 best sites were located for exploratory drilling.
 Out of 8 sites, exploratory drilling was done to 6 sites
 Out of 6 sites drilled , 4 sites were found to be productive

Surveyed location for exploratory drilling to augment water supply

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PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

 (Sutherland et al. 2000),classified two major form of water supply

augmentation.
 Conventional and non conventional
Conventional include ;
 Construction of new dam Investment cost for these options
 Rising height of existing dam are slightly high and vulnerable to
change of climate (Thirst 1999)
 Inter basin water transfer.

 Significant fresh water scarcity is due to inequitable water

distribution resulted from topography and geography of the
area.

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 Contd…….
 Non conventional include
 Reuse of treated waste water,
 Urban rain water harvesting
 Desalination.
 Desalination and reuse of
waste water are water
supply augmentation options for
arid regions like MENA and
GCC countries (Dawoud 2005)
 In GCC & MENA countries,
desalination is more than 65%
of the desalination capacity in
the world.
Desalination rate
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 PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY AUGMENTATION OPTIONS

 Assessing the possibility of tapping sub surface water by

collector well along Semu-River basin so that to have
sustainable source of water supply since physical condition
exists.
 Integrated urban water management
(IUWM) is recommended because Urban
rainwater harvesting has minimum
promising in terms of volume of water
collected
 Previous study reveals presence 4 productive wells at semu-
river basin; Design of conveyance system is highly needed

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 CONCLUSION

 Several conventional and non-conventional options to bridge

water demand during dry season are available but to choose
what to adopt is not easy and not direct.
 To choose what option to adopt one should keep in mind the
following considerations.

Quantity and quality

Available water resource in the vicinity
Environmental impact.
Cost.

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Source: Mwanhuzi: rainfall station (station No. 9334014) .
KEY: T = Total A = Average D =Day
YEAR MONTHS
JAN FEB MAR APL MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
2017 T 131.0 103.5 134.8 72.0 0 0 0 0 0 55.8 121.8 71.4
↕ A 13.1 14.8 13.5 14.4 0 0 0 0 0 11.2 15.2 35.7
2016 D 10 7 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 8 2

2016 T 326.1 279.9 184.9 110.1 26.4 0 0 0 0 0 34 171

↕ A 20.4 31.1 18.5 12.2 26.4 0 0 0 0 0 11 14
2015 D 16 9 10 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 12

2015 T 106.7 14.7 74.0 92.5 26.4 0 0 0 0 0 174.0 135.1

↕ A 10.7 4.9 24.7 8.4 6.6 0 0 0 0 0 14.5 9.7
2014 D 10.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 4.0 0 0 0 0 0 12.0 14.0

2014 T 326.2 197.6 125.1 85.1 0 0 0 10.3 15.1 73.5 80.3 145.2
↕ A 17.2 14.1 31.3 21.3 0 0 10.3 7.6 12.3 16.1 20.7
2013 D 19.0 14.0 4.0 4.0 0 0 0 1.0 2.0 6.0 5.0 7.0

2013 T 214.8 66.9 237.5 125.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.9 216.3

↕ A 19.5 6.7 15.8 14.0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 18.0
2012 D 11.0 10.0 15.0 9.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 12.0

2012 T 7.3 166.5 134.4 111.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 52.2 209.1

↕ A 7.3 20.8 16.8 18.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.7 14.9
2011 D 1.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 14.0

2011 T 93.6 129.3 160.6 49.4 0 0 0 0 0 60.6 60.2 166.2

↕ A 13.4 16.2 10.7 9.9 0 0 0 0 0 10.1 8.6 13.9
2010 D 7.0 8.0 15.0 5.0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 7.0 12.0

2010 T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.9 43.5 163.6

↕ A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.3 21.8 10.2
2009 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 2.0 16.0
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SEMU RIVER BASIN

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