Luminous vs non-luminous

See doc.
Astronomy
 What is a light year ?
A light year is the distance light travels in 1 year.

Light year is a unit of distance NOT time.

 Astronomical unit
An Astronomical Unit (AU) is the average distance between the
Earth and the Sun.

1 AU = 150 million kilometers.

 Order of the planets
Arrange the planets in order of their distance from the sun.
0.4 AU

0.7 AU

1.5 AU

5.2 AU

9.5 AU

19.2 AU
30.2 AU

Jupiter , Venus , Saturn , Neptune , Mars , Mercury , Uranus .

 What is a satellite?
A satellite is any object that is in orbit around a planet.

Which of these are a satellites ?

Two types of satellites
• Natural satellites – not man-made e.g. moon, comets, asteroids …

• Artificial satellites - man-made e.g. communication satellites …

 Day and night
r_
• Day an night are due to the _ o _t _a _t _i o_ n
_ of the Earth.
24
• It takes _ _ hours for the Earth to rotate about its axis.
 What causes the seasons ?
The seasons are caused by the t_ _i _l _t of the Earth.

s u_ m
When it is _ m _e _
_ _ r in the northern hemisphere

it is _w _i _
n _t _e _r in the southern hemisphere.

When it is w
_ _i n_ t_ e
__r in the northern hemisphere

it is _s u
_m m _e _
_ _ r in the southern hemisphere.
 Summer
In the summer season the northern hemisphere is tilted t_ o_ w
_a_r
_d_s
_ the sun.

The s n _l _i g_ h_ t_ is concentrated. This means more e_ n_ e_ r_ g_ _y is transferred.

_ u_ _

The t_ e_ m
_ _p _e _r _
a _t _
u r_ e_ increases.
 Winter
In the winter season the northern hemisphere is tilted a
_w_ _a _
y from the sun.

The s_ u_ _
n _l _i g_ _h _t is spread out. This means less _
e_ne
_r_ g_ _
y is transferred.

The t_ e_ m
__p _e _r _
a t_ u_ r_ e_ does not increase a lot.
Motion
Vectors - have magnitude (size) and direction – can be represented by
an arrow.

Scalars - has magnitude (size) only.

Scalar vs vector
Identify which quantities are scalar and which are vectors.

Force Displacement

Distance Time
Mass Weight.

Acceleration Speed
Velocity
Scalar Vector
Displacement.
Show vector example
Pythagoras theorem 3 4 5
Velocity – what is it ?

• Velocity means speed with a direction.

• Velocity is the change in displacement / time.

Cgp calculations – Velocity
Acceleration
• Acceleration is the change in velocity / time.

• Acceleration means an object speeding up slowing down or

changing direction.
Cgp - acceleration
 Forces

• Forces can change an objects: speed, direction and shape.

• Forces cause objects to accelerate

• The resultant force is the total force acting.

• A newton meter measures force.

 Forces – consequences.
• The resultant force is related to the acceleration and mass by
Newton’s 2nd law:

F=mxa
• If an object’s resultant force is zero its acceleration is zero – it will
continue to move at same speed in same direction – Newton’s 1st law.
CGP calculations - forces
Electricity
RESISTANCE – ohms law
Cgp calculations – V = IR