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María Cristina Plencovich
Facultad de Agronomía,
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
IAASTD CLA

^Die unbequemen Erkenntnisse des Weltagrarberichts

———

   ^den 1. April 2009, Bonn
This presentation will focus mainly on
some specific aspects related to the
IASSTD Reports and the LAC rural
education for sustainable development
rIAASTD LAC Report, 2009]
^

Characterized by rich, natural resources.






















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(IAASTD LAC Report, 2009).

^ This is a real paradox in a region where everyday is a
planting day and every day is a harvesting day.
^ Three times more food is produced than consumed
there.
^ Problems related to access to and distribution of food,
the limited purchasing power of an important segment of
the population and the lower prices paid to producers,
among other factors, have prevented the translation of
higher production levels into less hunger and a
commensurate reduction in poverty.
 ^ resources have been underused (¦


m
^ improper use of land leading to greater loss
of soil and biological diversity due to erosion,
urbanization, contamination and the
intensification and expansion of agriculture
to less productive lands
^ in this region, food availability is a
necessary condition for food security, but not
sufficient, and is impaired by many factors,
Photos: IAASTD, Mario Ahumada,
IICA, Costa Rica, 2008 among others, by the lack of sustainable
educational and development policies
^ In Latin America, the means of production are
heterogeneous and cultural approaches and
actors, diverse.
^ This diversity leads to differences in production
systems, which entail not only different
approaches to farming, but also to complex and
heterogeneous ways of interacting with the
land, the environment, and the social,
economic, and cultural realities and, in some
instances, to vey different worldviews.
rIAASTD, LAC Report Chapter 1].
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indigenous, rural, and
Afro American), based on local/ancestral knowledge and
rooted in the land. It is based on the management and use
of biodiversity and lifestyle systems, and has generated
varying levels of production. Its ¦

 links
nature and culture

Photo: IAASTD, Mario Ahumada,

IICA, Costa Rica, 2008
The ½

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includes intensive
production practices and is oriented toward monoculture,
the use of external inputs, and production geared toward a
broad market. In some cases, the emphasis placed on this
system has undermined sociocultural diversity,
local/traditional know-how, and agrobiodiversity, all of
which are essential for the development of intensive
knowledge-based agroecological systems.
^ The
 ½¦
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¦
which views
productive systems as ecosystems where mineral
cycles, energy processing, biological processes,
and socioeconomic relations are analyzed to
maximize production and make optimal use of
the agroecosystem as a whole. It is based on
agroecological science (Altieri, 1985; 1987;
1991;1993) and productive diversification,
enhancing the value of traditional knowledge,
and knowledge sharing.
 
  
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^ In the first place, it was the first attempt to

approach the complexity of LAC agricultural
reality (heterogeneous actors, diverse
productive practices, different cultural, social
and historical dimensions) in an integrated way
(through an interdisciplinary, independent,
peer-reviewed exercise) ; it challenged all actors
and IAs to create the conditions and transitions
to have a productive, healthy, sustainable
agricultures, and food security for everyone.
^
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 # 
 # are ongoing in all rural areas. Farming
populations are aging fast and youth are walking out of
agriculture. In some areas there is labour shortages.
'


 
# (  in agricultural production are
prevailing. The most significant one is the  
 #

. These pools join investors together to finance grain

production. Each pool forms rent contracts with a large
number of landowners ²generally located in different regions
in order to diversify risks ²and the pool assumes
management of the crop production enterprise. Under these
production arrangements, the use of land is decided by highly
specialized management with the best professional advice. At
the local or regional level, a similar kind of arrangement is
also in place. With these types of arrangements, the use of
land in is today efficient and independent of entrepreneurial
landowners.
 Pergamino Rural Schools, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Resilience, social nets, ethical issues, cooperation

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Actions should therefore seek to expand access to
information, build or strengthen their capacities to
participate in decision making, and provide
institutional forums for discussion and decision
making.
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To this end, it would be appropriate to develop

an intercultural participatory agenda that
preserves and enhances the value of local
knowledge, supplements it with scientific
knowledge where relevant, and contributes to
greater sustainability of productive systems,
more efficient use of natural resources, and
higher land yields, while maintaining,
promoting, and enhancing the cultural and
biological heritage of local communities.
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AKST must scale up investment in the development of
knowledge-based systems in order to support
agroecological systems. This would facilitate greater
development of all systems (agroecological, indigenous,
and conventional), and would, in particular, reduce and
mitigate the environmental and social impact caused by
more intensive agricultural and aquatic systems,
thereby reducing the adverse effects of agriculture on
climate change.
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In order to meet the development and
sustainability goals, AKST Public Support
Policies must transcend models based on the
assumption that the market alone can address
the issues of economic and cultural poverty,
hunger, and inequality
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u
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Altieri, M.A., 1985. Developing pest management strategies for small farmers based on
traditional knowledge. Bull. Inst. Dev. Anthropol., 3:13-18.
Altieri, M. A. 1987. Agroecology: The Scientific Basis of Alternative Agriculture. Westview Press, Boulder.
Altieri, M.A., 1991. Classical biological control and social equity. Bull Ent Res 81: 365-369.
Altieri, M.A. 1993. Ethnoscience and biodiversity: key elements in the design of sustainable pest management systems for small
farmers in developing countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 46: 257-272.
Altieri, M. 1995. Agroecology: the Science of Sustainable Agriculture. Westview press, Boulder, CO.
Altieri, M.A. 1999 Applying Agroecology to Enhance the Productivity of Peasant Farming
Systems in Latin America.´ Environment, Development and Sustainability. 1 3-4 197- 217.
Altieri, M.A. and D.K. Letourneau. 1982. Vegetation management and biological control in agroecosystems. Crop Prot., 1: 405-430.
Altieri, M. and O. Masera, 1993. Sustainable rural development in Latin America: building from the bottom up. Ecological
Economics 7:93-121