RIZAL’S WORLD:

SITUATION IN THE 19TH

CENTURY
The meaning and importance of a man’s task can
be understood and appreciated when viewed
within a time frame and its proper historical
context.
To better understand and appreciate the role of
Jose Rizal in the making of a Filipino nation, one
has to know the developments in the century
when he lived, the period when he worked.
 THE WORLD IN THE 19TH CENTURY

• Era of challenges and responses

• A period of major changes which affected
men and society
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

• American Revolution- gave an idea that they

can gain their independence from their
colonizers
• They overthrew the rule of the British
empire & rejected British monarch.
LATIN AMERICA

• Controlled by European colonial giants-PORTUGAL

& SPAIN
• FRANCE-one of the leading imperialist state in
Europe aspire to colonize Latin America
ASIA

• Asian countries were already been

controlled by European colonizers:
• directly (through trade and commerce)
• Indirectly (through domination of aristocracy)
• Japan-isolated their country to avoid the
conversion of Japanese to Christianity & the
tendency to engage in unfair trading
systems.
EUROPE

• 15th century- Europeans (Spain, Portugal &

Holland)
• 19th century- rise of other European nations
(Italy, Germany, England & France)
• Italy annexed their territories w/in Europe &
Africa
• Germany acquired colonies also in Africa and
Pacific Ocean
• England colonized different countries in
• Asia (China, India, Burma (Myanmar)
• South Pacific (Australia and New Zealand)
• France conquered the southeast Asian countries
(Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia)
• AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• Britain’s 13 colonies fought for their
independence, resulting to the founding of
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• FRENCH REVOLUTION (Liberty, Equality & Fraternity)
• Spread the ideas of the sovereignty the people,
liberty of the individual and equality before the
law
 SITUATION OF SPAIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY

• Spain hesitant for change because they fought:

• against themselves (successor of the throne, between Isabel
& Don Carlos)
• against the hostility of the despicable court (modification
of Spanish constitution)
• against their political shortcomings (setback in their
political realm led to disorganization of their command to
their colonies)
• Latin America (Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador
• Central America (Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatamela, El
Salvador, Nicaragua, Valenzuela, Peru, Bolivia, & Uruguay)
• CARLIST WAR – civil wars in Spain fought to
establish their claim to the throne.
• CANOVITE or ROTATIVISM- rotation in office
(turno pacifico) of a liberal an a conservative
party.
THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY

• Political
• Judicial
• Social
• Religious
• Economic
Political Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century
• POLITICAL INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL
ADMINISTRATION
• The Liberals and the Conservatives
Political Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century
• REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH COURT
• Constitution of Cadiz, gov’t officials made a decree
that Spanish colonies should have natural & direct
participation in the ancient legislature, the CORTES
• Philippines a representation in the Cortes.
• Ventura de los Reyes-1st Philippine delegate who took
active part in the framing of the Spanish Constitution
of 1812.
Judicial Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century

• NO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW

• Teaching in the Catholic faith-equality among
men before his Creator.
• Spanish laws were not totally implemented (if
the law favored the indios) and over
implemented (if the law is beneficial to the
mestizos)
Judicial Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century

• MALADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
• Legal cases and proceedings were costly
and only those who have much could
afford the trial while the rest pleaded
guilty and suffered the punishment
imposed even if accused was innocent.
Social Situation of the Philippines in the
19th Century

• RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
• Spaniards –mestizos, superior
• Filipinos-indios, inferior
• Individuals with low mental ability,
incapable of European education and
fitted only to work in the field.
Social Situation of the Philippines in the
19th Century

• HUMAN RIGHTS DENIED TO THE FILIPINOS

• These rights were practiced not only in the
Mother Spain but also among its colonies.
• Philippines were denied of these rights most
especially to the natives.
Religious Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century
• FRAILOCRACY (Frailocacia)
• Rule of the friars
• To educate and propagate faith to the natives
• Mother Spain gave them the authority to rule the
state based on political philosophy of Spain
• The power to rule both the ecclesiastical and the
civil state made friars influenced the policies
implemented by the mother Spain to the
Philippines.
Religious Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century

• SECULARIZATION OF THE PARISHES

• Friars –regular priests who belonged to religious
orders (Augustinians, Dominicans, Franciscans,
Jesuits)
• Secular clergy-priests who did not belong to any
religious orders
Economic Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century

• FORCED LABOR
• Polo y servicios personales, a compulsory labor
imposed by Spaniards to adult Filipino males or the
polistas (age 16 to 60) for 40 days.
• It became unfavorable to them:
• Polistas worked beyond their boundaries
• Their services extended beyond their planting
& harvesting season
• They were not paid for their services
• Falla were very high
Economic Situation of the Philippines in
the 19th Century

• HACIENDAS OWNED BY THE FRIARS

• Agricultural land owned by the natives were
converted into Haciendas (friar estates)
• Friars became landowners while natives became the
tenants
E-Ass:
• Go online to www.OurHappySchool.com. Through its
search engine (upper right section), look for the entry
“the Jose Rizal Family: A Fun Quiz Game”
• Take the exciting electronic fun quiz game. Share the
page on your FB account (using hashtag #RizalGame01
#Rizal1stSem2018 #RizalMDulay
• Print screen your score, print the file, & submit it next
meeting
Have Fun!
Source: Manebog, J.D.2018. Life & Works of Rizal.
Film Viewing: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo
Ngayon

Guide Questions:
• Describe the 19th century Philippines as represented in
the film
• What can you say about the film’s representation of
the 19th century
• What is the main question that the film seeks to answer?
What is your reflection based on the film and your
understanding ? Your learning outcome
• Portray in a play the Philippines in the 19th
century and the Philippines today in the
following aspect:
• Political
• Judicial
• Social
• Religious
• Economic
Guidelines & rubrics:

Costumes and props 10

Relevance 35
Impact 35
Teamwork & perfn/pres’ 10
Organization/time 10
*10 mins presentation only