• MEMBUNUH KUMAN
• Antibiotika menghambat/menganggu kuman dalam
proses metabolisme siklus hidup dan multiplikasinya
Bagaimana cara antibiotika membunuh kuman ??
4.0%
5.0%
36%
21%
Kuman terbanyak:
Januari – oktober Klebsiella
pneumoniae ESBL
November MRSA
Desember Escherichia coli ESBL
Post antibiotic effect (PAE)
• Supresi pertumbuhan kuman yang terjadi setelah
penghentian obat
• Postantibiotic leucocyte enhancement: efek leukosit
terhadap bakteria selama masa PAE vivo)
LEKOSITOSIS DENGAN PERBAIKAN KLINIS SETELAH
PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIKA BUKAN KEGAGALAN
ANTIBIOTIKA
14
Antibiotic Failure
• Microbiologic factors • Antibiotic penetration
• In vitro susceptibility but problems
ineffective in vivo • Undrained abscess
• Antibiotic tolerance with • Foreign body-related infection
gram-positive cocci • Protected focus (e.g. cerebrospinal
• Treating colonization (not fluid)
infection) • Organ hypoperfusion /diminished
blood supply: chronic osteomyelitis,
chronic pyelonephritis
• Antibiotic factors
• Inadequate of: • Non infectious diseases
coverage/spectrum, antibiotic
blood levels, antibiotic tissue • Medical disorders mimicking (e.g.
levels, antibiotic activity in SLE)
tissue • Drug fever
• Drug-drug interaction:
antibiotic inactivation, • Antibiotic unresponsive
antibiotic antagonism infectious diseases
• Viral infections
• Fungal infections
Burke A, Cunha. Antibiotic Essentials, 2010
SALAH PENGERTIAN DALAM PEMBERIAN
ANTIBIOTIKA
ANTIBIOTIKA TIDAK BERBAHAYA
GAGAL RESPONS = GAGAL ANTIBIOTIKA ESKALASI
COMPLICATIONS:
Drug fever
Sindroma metabolik
Kerusakan SSP
TERIMAKASIH