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Pelayanan Kefarmasian
Menyediakan &
Masyarakat
Tujuan Pelayanan memberikan sediaan
mendapatkan manfaat
Farmasi farmasi & Alkes
yang terbaik
disertai informasi
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Pelayanan Kefarmasian di fasilitas kesehatan
Sediaan Farmasi yg
Peningkatan outcome
aman, khasiat & mutu
terapi
terjamin
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Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit
Pengelolaan obat dan BMHP
Pemilihan Pelayanan Farmasi Klinik
Perencanaan kebutuhan
Pengkajian & Pelayanan Resep
Pengadaan
Penelusuran riwayat penggunaan obat
Penerimaan
Rekonsiliasi obat
Penyimpanan
Pelayanan informasi obat
Pendistribusian
Konseling
Pemusnahan & penarikan
Visite
Pengendalian
Pemantauan terapi obat
Administrasi
Monitoring efek samping obat
Evaluasi penggunaan obat
Dispensing sediaan steril
Pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah
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Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Puskesmas
Pengelolaan obat dan BMHP
Perencanaan kebutuhan
Pelayanan Farmasi Klinik
Permintaan Pengkajian resep, penyerahan obat, dan
Penerimaan pemberian informasi obat
Penyimpanan Pelayanan informasi obat
Pendistribusian Konseling
Pengendalian Visite/ronde (khusus Puskesmas Rawat Inap)
Pemantauan dan pelaporan efek samping
obat
Pemantauan terapi obat
Evaluasi penggunaan obat
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Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek
Pengelolaan obat dan BMHP
Pelayanan Farmasi Klinik
Perencanaan
Pengadaan Pengkajian resep
Penerimaan Dispensing
Penyimpanan Pelayanan informasi obat
Pemusnahan Konseling
Pengendalian Pelayanan kefarmasian di rumah (home
Pencatatan dan Pelaporan pharmacy care)
Pemantauan Terapi Obat
Monitoring Efek samping obat
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PERAN APOTEKER DI ERA JKN
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Pembayaran Faskes dalam JKN
FASKES TK. PERTAMA
a) KAPITASI
b) Mekanisme lain yg lebih berhasil
guna
PEMBAYARAN
KENDALI MUTU
FASKES TK. DUA/TIGA (LANJUTAN) DAN BIAYA
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Sebelum Era JKN Konsep BPJS
DPHO
Safety
Efficacious
Jamkesmas
Affordable
PRB
DOEN
Formularium nasional
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Sistim Pembiayaan JKN
Pasien Diagnosis
Obat
Diagnosis Tarif INA-CBGs
BMHP
Tindakan
Akomodasi
Jasa Medik
Lain-lain
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Formularium Nasional (Permenkes 71/2013)
Didasarkan pada :
Daftar obat yg disusun Digunakan sebagai acuan Bukti ilmiah mutakhir
Komite Nasional yg penggunaan obat dalam Berkhasiat
ditetapkan Menkes JKN Aman
Dengan Harga terjangkau
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Posisi Formularium Nasional
Aspek perlindungan
Aspek kemampuan
pembiayaan
• Hanya • Hanya obat • Hanya obat
mencakup obat yang paling yang memiliki
dengan bukti cost-effective safety profile
ilmiah terkini terbaik
dan valid • Indikasi obat
sesuai saat
registrasi
BPOM
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Cost-effective?
Cost Outcome
$$
Definition: The comparative analysis of alternative courses of action in terms of both their
costs and consequences (outcome).
Drummond et al 2005
Biaya/Costs
ECHO MODEL
Humanistic Outcomes
Clinical Outcomes :
Economic outcomes : medical events that : consequences of
disease or treatment
Direct, Indirect, dan occur as a result of a
on Quality of Life
intangible costs medical intervention
and/or patient
or disease progression
satisfaction
TIPE EVALUASI FARMAKOEKONOMI
Cost of Illness $ -
Keputusan Klinik
Manajemen Formularium
Kebijakan Pengobatan
Keputusan yg bisa Program Manajemen Penyakit
didukung Alokasi sumber daya
Farmakoekonomi Identifikasi obat yg lebih tepat utk
pasien
Identifikasi pelayanan farmasi
(biaya dan outcome) yang dpt
meningkatkan nilai dr terapi obat
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Contoh CEA pada terapi asma
• Persisten asthma
– ICS lebih cost-effective
dibandingkan LTRA
• Pasien tdk terkontrol dg ICS
– Penambahan LABA cost-
effective (formoterol)
• Pasien asma alergi persisten yg tdk
terkontrol (kategori berat)
– Omalizumab – cost-effective
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Cost-effectiveness of tiotropium versus omalizumab for
uncontrolled allergic asthma in US
• Methods • Direct cost
• A probabilistic Markov model of asthma was created. Total costs (in
2013 US $) and health outcomes of three interventions including
– Standard therapy costs (per person
standard therapy (ICS + LABA), add-on therapy with tiotropium, and week)
add-on therapy with omalizumab, were calculated over a 10-year time • Controlled ($46)
horizon. Future costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were • Partially controlled ($47)
discounted at the rate of 3%. Multiple sensitivity analyses were
conducted. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at willingness-to-pay • Uncontrolled ($53)
value of $50,000. – Treatment costs
• Results • Tiotropium ($13)
• The 10-year discounted costs and QALYs for standard therapy were • Omalizumab ($437)
$38,432 and 6.79, respectively. The corresponding values for add-on
therapy with tiotropium and with omalizumab were $41,535 and 6.88, – Cost of exacerbation
and $217,847 and 7.17, respectively. The incremental cost- • Non severe ($130)
effectiveness ratios (ICER) of add-on therapy with tiotropium versus • Severe exacerbation without
standard therapy, and omalizumab versus tiotropium were
$34,478/QALY, and $593,643/QALY, respectively. The model outcomes
hospitalization ($594)
were most sensitive to the costs of omalizumab but were robust • Hospitalization ($9900)
against other assumptions. Zafari et al., 2018
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• Indirect cost • Health state utility value
– Controlled ($165) – Controlled (0.937)
– Partially controlled ($185) – Partially controlled (0.907)
– Uncontrolled ($312) – Uncontrolled (0.728)
– Exacerbation ($856) – Non severe exacerbation (0.649)
– Severe exacerbation without
hospitalization (0.570)
– Hospitalization (0.330)
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Role of pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs
Aging population
Technological advances
Prevalence of medical Role of pharmacists in
errorrs reducing costs in
Pharmacoeconomics
Increased spending on Escalating
, cost savings & cost variety of different
healthcare costs
medicines year on year avoidance
healthcare settings
Medication errorrs,
ADRs → 6.5% hospital inappropriate prescribing
admission & ADEs
ADEs → 16.88% of
patients during
hospitalization
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Farmasi Komunitas
Management Penyakit
Farmasi Komunitas Kepatuhan
Kronis
• Dispensing & penyediaan • Penyebab kematian & • Ketidakpatuhan →
obat disabilitas (>2/3 biaya progresivitas penyakit,
• Farmasis → patient- kesehatan) kegagalan terapi & rawat
centered (bagian dr tim • Farmasis → menurunkan inap
multidisiplin) keparahan penyakit, • USA → 33-69% kunjungan
monitor medication pasien ke RS krn
therapy, menurunkan ADE ketidakpatuhan (biaya
& rekomendasi terapi yg $100 milyar/tahun)
rasional, screening utk • Farmasis → meningkatkan
pencegahan penyakit & kepatuhan pasien
progresivitas penyakit
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Farmasi Komunitas
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Farmasi Rumah Sakit
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Farmasi Rumah Sakit
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Pelayanan Farmasi Rumah Sakit
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Intervensi Apoteker
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Analisis cost-benefit
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Intervensi
Apoteker
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RS Swasta
Rawat
Jalan
Populasi
Populasi 50,000,000
40,000,000
249 pasien
249 pasien 30,000,000
20,000,000
10,000,000
Sampel:
Sampel: -
Sebelum Sesudah
30% :75 pasien
30% :75 pasien Total biaya
Intervensi
46,557,649
intervensi
11,687,830
Rp40,000,000
Rawat Rp35,000,000
Jalan Rp30,000,000 72%
Rp25,000,000
Rp20,000,000
Rp15,000,000
Rp10,000,000
Intervensi: Rp5,000,000
279 Rp0
Sebelum Setelah
Biaya per intervensi Intervensi Intervensi
Rp. 92.941,- Series 1 Rp36,014,934 Rp7,958,188
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