Relations and

Functions
In mathematics, a function is a
relation between a set of inputs

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and a set of permissible outputs
with the property that each input is
related to exactly one output. An
example is the function that relates
each real number x to its square x2.
Take a Look at This Relation

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Review
• A relation between two variables x and y is a set
of ordered pairs
• An ordered pair consist of a x and y-coordinate
• A relation may be viewed as ordered pairs, mapping
design, table, equation, or written in sentences
• x-values are inputs, domain, independent
variable

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• y-values are outputs, range, dependent variable
 Example 1

{(0, 5), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}

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•What is the domain?
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
Example 2

Input 4 –5 0 9 –1

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Output –2 7

•What is the domain?

{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
•What is the range?
{-2, 7}
 Is a relation a function?

What is a function?
A function is…a relation in
which every input is paired with

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exactly one output”

8/25/2019 9:26 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 6

 Is a relation a function?
•Focus on the x-coordinates, when given a relation

If the set of ordered pairs have different x-coordinates,

it IS A function

If the set of ordered pairs have same x-coordinates,

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it is NOT a function

•Y-coordinates have no bearing in determining

functions
 Example 3
{(0, 5), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}

•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

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YES
 Example 4
{(–1, 7), (1, 0), (2, 3), (0, 8), (0, 5), (–2, 1)}

•Is this a function?

•Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates

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NO
Example 5
Which mapping represents a function?

Choice One Choice Two

3 –1 2 2
2 –1 3

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1
0 3 3 –2
0

Choice 1
Example 6
Which mapping represents a function?

A. B.

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B
 Example 7
Which situation represents a function?

a. The items in a store to their prices on a certain date

b. Types of fruits to their colors

There is only one price for each
different item on a certain date. The
relation from items to price makes it a
function.
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A fruit, such as an apple, from the
domain would be associated with
more than one color, such as red and
green. The relation from types of fruits
to their colors is not a function.
 Vertical Line Test
•Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function
if a vertical line drawn through its graph,
passes through only one point.

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AKA: “The Pencil Test”
Take a pencil and move it from left to right
(–x to x); if it crosses more than one point,
it is not a function
Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a

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function?

YES
Vertical Line Test

Would this
graph be a

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function?

NO
Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

Discrete

-7, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10



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
1, 0, -7, 5, 2, 8


Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

continuous

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
 8,8
 


 6,6
 
Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

continuous

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
 0,45
 


10,70
 
Is the following function discrete or
continuous? What is the Domain?
What is the Range?

discrete

 -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7
 

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2, 3, 4, 5, 7
 Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.

What subset of the real numbers makes sense

for the domain?

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Whole numbers

What would make sense for the range

of the function?

Zero and the even numbers

 Domain and Range in Real Life
The number of shoes in x pairs of shoes can be
expressed by the equation y = 2x.

What is the independent variable?

The # of pairs of shoes.

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What is the dependent variable?

The total # of shoes.

1-6 Relations and Functions 21

 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to
get there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is
represented by the function d = 55t (his average speed is
55mph.

Write an inequality that represents the domain in real life.

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0 x  4
Write an inequality that represents the range in real life.

0  y  220
 Domain and Range in Real Life
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to
get there. The distance he travels at any time, t, is
represented by the function d = 55t (his average speed is
55mph.

What is the independent variable?

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The time that he drives.
What is the dependent variable?

The total distance traveled.

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 Domain and Range in Real Life
Johnny bought at most 10 tickets to a concert for him and
his friends. The cost of each ticket was $12.50.
Complete the table below to list the possible domain and
range.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
12.50 25.00 37.50

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50 62.50 75 87.50 100 112.50 125

What is the independent variable?

The number of tickets bought.
What is the dependent variable?
The total cost of the tickets.
 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no
toppings. They charge an additional $1.50 for each of
their 5 specialty toppings (tax is included in the price).

Jorge went to pick up his order. They said his total bill
was $9.50. Could this be correct? Why or why not?

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Yes One pizza with 3 toppings cost $9.50

Susan went to pick up her order. They said she owed

$10.25. Could this be correct? Why or why not?

No One pizza with 4 toppings cost $11

 Domain and Range in Real Life
Pete’s Pizza Parlor charges $5 for a large pizza with no
toppings. They charge an additional $1.50 for each of
their 5 specialty toppings (tax is included in the price).

What is the independent variable?

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The number of toppings

What is the dependent variable?

The cost of the pizza

8/25/2019 9:26 AM 1-6 Relations and Functions 26

Function Notation
f(x) means function of x and is read “f of x.”

f(x) = 2x + 1 is written in function notation.

The notation f(1) means to replace x with 1 resulting in

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the function value.

f(1) = 2x + 1
f(1) = 2(1) + 1
f(1) = 3
Function Notation
Given g(x) = x2 – 3, find g(-2) .

g(-2) = x2 – 3
g(-2) = (-2)2 – 3

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g(-2) = 1
 Function Notation
Given f(x) = 2 x2  3 x , the following.

a. f(3) b. 3f(x) c. f(3x)

f(3) = 2x2 – 3x 3f(x) = 3(2x2 – 3x) f(3x) = 2x2 – 3x

f(3x) = 2(3x)2 – 3(3x)

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f(3) = 2(3)2 – 3(3) 3f(x) = 6x2 – 9x
f(3) = 2(9) - 9 f(3x) = 2(9x2) – 3(3x)
f(3) = 9 f(3x) = 18x2 – 9x
For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 3

f(1.5) = 4

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f(-4) = 4
For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = 1

f(1.5) = 3

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f(-4) =1
For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),

f(0) = -5

f(1.5) = 1

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f(-4) =1