Presented to:

Dr. Madeeha

Presented by:
Nabeel Tarseem (Leader)
Ayesha Rafi
Nida Mehmood
Unza
Shabana Rafique
 How Do Hormones Affect
Behaviour

 Hormones
 Behaviour
 Description of Hormones
 Example
 Hormones and their affect
HORMONES
“It is a chemical substance secreted by living cells
which upon its release from blood to target site
elicite are response and thus regulate various
functions of the body.”

BEHAVIOUR
“Anything we do or response to the environment is known as
behaviour.”
Chemicals, Hormones and the Brain some of these
neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine are also
hormones or have some affect in releasing hormones can
effect your mood or even influence the health of your
brain.
To understand the Hormones behaviour relationship it is
important, briefly to describe Hormones. Hormones are
organic chemical messenger produces and released by
specialized glands called endocrine glands. Hormones
are released from these glands into the blood, where they
may travel to act o target structures at some distance
from their origin.
Hormones are similar in function to
neurotransmitters, the chemical used by the nervous
system in coordinating animals activities. However,
Hormones can operate over a greater distance and over a
much greater temporal range than neurotransmitter .
Example:

Steroid Hormones such as,

1- Testosterone
2- Estradiol
3- Progesterone
4- Cortisol

Protein or Peptide Hormones such as,

1- Oxytocin
2- Vasopressin
3- Prolactin
4- Laptin
Hormones and their affects

Estrogen: This harmone is released by ovaries it is very

important in reproductive cycle.
It has a domino effect on brain chemistry and moods.
Dr. Bronson states “that high level of estrogen produce an imbalance in the
system that aggravates or causes symptoms of tension and anxiety.”
Low levels of estrogen can lead to episodes of depression.
As estrogen level decreases bones loss may occur.
For example womens in 50s are at risk of developing osteoprosis and bone
fracture.
It also cause PCOS symptoms loss of hair, weightgain, infertility.
Insomnia Mode swing
Oxytocin:

Stimulates milk letdown and uterine contractions during
birth promotes social bonding.
 It is released by posterior pituitary gland
.
Prolactin:
Many actions relating to reproduction, water balance,
and behaviour associated with parental care.
Thyroxine:
Increases oxidation rates in tissues and affects neural
development.
Vasopressin:
Increases water reabsorption in the kidney and affects
learning and memory.
Dopamine:
Over supply may lead to schizophrenic reaction.
Under supply causes Parkinson’s diseases(a neurological disorder disrupting coordinated
movement).
Serotonin:
Lack of serotonin produces anemia.
Prevents dreaming in the walking state.
Consider as a “worry” chemical in the brain.
Steroid Hormone:
Steroid hormones are usually assumed to be long term modulators of behaviour. Steroids can act
rapidly, dynamically regulating stress responses and social behaviour.
Causes:
Aggression, Stress and courtship.
Melatonin:
Hormones that is produces by the pineal gland in animal and regulate sleep and wakefulness
Melatonin
It is a hormone that regulates sleep wake cycle. This
hormones is primary produced by the pineal gland. As a
medication, it is used for the short term treatment of
trouble sleeping such as from jet lag or shift work. Evidence
of benefit, however is unclear. It may work as well as the
medication, ramelteon. It is typically taken by mouth.
Side effects may include sleepiness, headaches, nausea and
abnormal dreams. It is not recommended during
pregnancy or breast feeding. Also with liver problems.
In animal it is involved in synchronizing circadian rythmes.
Including sleep wake timing, blood pressure regulation,
and seasonal reproduction. Many of its effects are through
activation of melatonin receptor, while others are due to its
role as an antioxidant.
Mechanism
 Blood level of melatinin are high at night and low
during the day
 It also has a major role in regulating body temp.
rhythm
 Its production stops at morning at wakeup brain
Glucocorticoid
 Stress Condition
 Mobilize Energy
 Example, Snowshoe Hares have increased
corticosterone levels during periods of high predation
by lynx which is associated with fewer offspring.
 Active responding=> low GCC
 Passive coping=> High Glucocorticoid.
ANDROGENS
 Many vertebrates => Vocalization
 Androgens are connected with aggression behaviour
 Example Male elephant seals.
 Androgens promote the development of bodies
weighing more than 2 tons and aggressive behaviour
towards other males. The male fight by slaming thir
bodies against eachother.
EPINEPHRINE
 Fight or flight harmones also called adrenaline and
norepinephrine
 Causes short term response to stress
Testosterones
 Courtship behaviour
 Example: Zebra finches form monogamous mating
pairs and male use songs to attract female.
 Estradiol
 Promoting male courtship songs
 It has also important effects on aggressive behaviour
 Example: Mice of genus Peromyscus (Male) increase
aggression under winter short days and decrease aggression
under summer long days
 It depands upon photoperiodism
Happy Hormones
 Oxytocin
 Dopamine
 Serotonine
 Positive emotions
 When we are attracted to someone brain release
dopamine increase serotonine and oxytocin is
produced.