September 1, 2019
September 1, 2019
Explore:
Cellular Respiration Simulation
To review the "big picture" of
metabolism, aiding students in
understanding the relationship among
glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the
ETC. See the diagram for the
simulation layout.
September 1, 2019
Explore:
Muscle Fatigue
You will be using a procedure to
experience and explore lactic acid
buildup in muscles.
September 1, 2019
Explain:
Where do our cells get energy?
6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of
energy for cell
What type of macromolecule are 6-C
sugars?
Carbohydrates
Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar
to make ATP “energy”
September 1, 2019
Overall Chemical Process
September 1, 2019
Cellular Respiration (3-stages)
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Glucose
Fermentation Alcohol or
(without oxygen) lactic acid
September 1, 2019
September 1, 2019
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Carbon
Dioxide
Glucose (CO2)
(C6H1206) Electron +
Krebs
+ Glycolysis Transport Water
Cycle
Oxygen Chain (H2O)
(02) +
ATP
September 1, 2019
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Glycolysis:
Step 1
To the electron
transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
To the electron
transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
To the electron
transport chain
Where Cytoplasm
NO O2 required
Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the
expense of 2 ATP
6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvates
Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion
carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+
(nicotinamide dinucleotide)
September 1, 2019
Summary
In Out
Glucose (6-C) 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)
2 ATP 2NADH
a net of 2 ATP
September 1, 2019
Questions
September 1, 2019
September 1, 2019
The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
Where
mitochondria
Pyruvate (3-C)
Acetic acid (2-C)
3rd C forms CO2
Acetic acid
combines with
Coenzyme A to
form ACETYL-CoA
September 1, 2019
Summary
In Out
Pyruvate CO2 (as waste)
NAD NADH
CoA Acetyl-CoA
September 1, 2019
What is releasing Energy with O2?
Aerobic respiration
Where In mitochondria
September 1, 2019
Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle
(Krebs Cycle)
Where Mitochondrial matrix
Energy Yield 2 ATP and more e-
Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form
6-C CITRIC ACID
Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C
Gives off a CO2 molecule
NAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-
FAD becomes FADH2
NAD+ becomes NADH + H+
Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule
September 1, 2019
Krebs Cycle
September 1, 2019
The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
ETC
September 1, 2019
Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
Summary
Mitochondrion
Electrons
Pyruvic
carried in
acid
NADH and
Glucose FADH2 Electron
Krebs Transport
Glycolysis
Cycle Chain
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Total ENERGY Yield
Glycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle 2 ATP
ETC 32 ATP
Total 36 ATP
September 1, 2019
Elaboration
Respiration Lab
Three experiments that review and
further explain the process of cellular
respiration
September 1, 2019
What happens if NO O2?
September 1, 2019
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
September 1, 2019
September 1, 2019
Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration
NO Additional ATP is Formed
NO O2 leads to Fermentation
Two Types
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
September 1, 2019
Lactic Acid Fermentation
bacteria, plants and most animals
After glycolysis
2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid
September 1, 2019
September 1, 2019
Alcoholic Fermentation
Bacteria and fungi (yeast)
September 1, 2019
September 1, 2019
Cellular Respiration Review
September 1, 2019
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Glycolysis:
Step 1
To the electron
transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
To the electron
transport chain
Figure 9–3 Glycolysis
Section 9-1
To the electron
transport chain
The Krebs Cycle: Step 2
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
Electron Transport Chain: Step 3
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
Evaluation
September 1, 2019