Valence Shell

The outermost shell.

Valence Electron
Numbers of electrons in the
outermost shell.
 Cu, Te
Get the following:
1. Electron Configuration;
2. Valence Shell; and
3. Valence Electrons.
Tellurium Te
6

Valence Lewis Dot

Electrons Symbol
Electron Dot Symbol
Represented the number of
electrons in valence shell.
Representative Elements

Bromine
7A group
Br
Representative Elements

Arsenic
5A group
As
Representative Elements

Aluminum
3A group
As
 Be, Ga, O, N
Get the following:
1. Electron Configuration;
2. Valence Shell;
3. Valence Electrons; and
4. Electron Dot Symbol.
Periodic Trends
1. Atomic Size
2. Electronegativity
3. Ionization Energy
Atomic Size
is measured by its atomic
radius
 the distance from the
nucleus to the outer edge
of the valence shell.
V.E. is DP to Atomic Size

Number of Protons Inv.Pro. to Atomic Size

Electronegativity
It is the ability of an
atom to attract
electrons.
Atomic Size is I.P. to EN

Atomic size is Inversely Prop to EN

Ionization Energy
The minimum energy
required to remove
an electron from an
atom.
Farther V.E. is I.P to I.E.

Number of Protons Directly Pro. To I.E.

Bonding
It is joining of two
atoms in a stable
arrangement.
Bonding
Noble Gas
Particularly
stable as
individual
atoms.
Bonding
Noble Gas
Do not
readily
react to
form
bonds.
Bonding
Noble Gas
Valence
Electrons is
8
(Stable)
Bonding
Noble Gas
“The Main
Group”
octet of
electrons in
its outer shell.
(ns and np)
Bonding
In bonding, elements gain,
lose, or share electrons to
attain the electronic
configuration of the noble
gas closest to them in the
periodic table
 How about the
elements that
belong to 1A to 7A
groups?
How would they
attain a stable
state?
 −
1
Br Br
Ionic Bond
transfer of electrons
from one element to
another.
Two forms of Ions
1.
(Cation)
 Atom which loses electrons.
 Fewer electrons than protons
2.
(Anion)
 Atom which receives electrons.
 more electrons than protons
 Group 1A
+
Na Na
𝟏 𝑵𝒆
𝑵𝒆 𝟑𝒔
 Group 2A
2+
Mg Mg
𝟐 𝑵𝒆
𝑵𝒆 𝟑𝒔
 Group 3A
3+
Al Al
𝟐 𝟏 𝑵𝒆
𝑵𝒆 𝟑𝒔 𝟑𝒑
 Group 4A
4+
Sn Sn
Metal Group
1. Found on the left side.
2. Forms cations.
3. By losing one, two, or three
electrons, an atom forms a
cation with a completely
filled outer shell of
electrons.
 Group 7A
-
F F
𝟐 𝟓 𝑵𝒆
𝑯𝒆 𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒑
 Group 6A
2-
O O
𝟐 𝟒 𝑵𝒆
𝑯𝒆 𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒑
 Group 5A
3-
N N
𝟐 𝟑 𝑵𝒆
𝑯𝒆 𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒑
Non-metal Group
1. Found on the right side.
2. Form anions.
3. By gaining one, two, or
sometimes three electrons,
an atom forms an anion
with a completely filled
outer shell of electrons.
Form into an Ion
1. Carbon ( C)
2. Strontium (Sr)
3. Iodine (I)
4. Potassium (K)
5. Xenon (Xe)
What do you call the
compounds that
composed of
cations and anions?
Ionic Compound
Are composed of
cations and anions.
Group 1A Group 7A

Na F
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
𝑵𝒆 𝟑𝒔 𝑯𝒆 𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒑
Group 1A Group 7A
+ -
Na F
𝑵𝒆 𝑵𝒆
 Na + F 𝑁𝑎 + 𝐹
+ −

Total
Electron
11 9 10 10
Valence
Electron
1 7 [Ne] [Ne]
Group 2A Group 7A

Ca F
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
𝑨𝒓 𝟒𝒔 𝑯𝒆 𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒑
Group 2A Group 7A

Ca F F
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
𝑨𝒓 𝟒𝒔 𝑯𝒆 𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒑
 𝟐+ −
𝑪𝒂 +𝑭
Means Two Fluorine
Means One Calcium
Formula: 𝑪𝒂𝑭𝟐
 Write the Formula
Sodium and Bromine
Gallium and Oxygen
Magnesium and Iodine
 Write the Ion Symbol
4 protons, 2 electrons
22 protons, 20 electrons
16 protons,18 electrons
13 protons,10 electrons