Slab Detailing

Section 9
SP : 34(S & T)-1987
Contents

• Minimum reinforcement
• Spacing(s)
• Cover
• Bar Diameters
• Simply supported one way slabs
• Simply supported two way slabs
• Restrained slabs
• Torsional reinforcement
• Re-entrant Corners
• Cantilever slabs
• Openings in Slab
Minimum reinforcement
• In solid RCC slabs, the minimum reinforcement expressed in terms of
% of gross-sectional area should not be less than:
1. 0.15 % for mild steel bars i.e 0.0015 bD
2. 0.12 % for HYSD bars i.e 0.0012 bD
bD= gross-sectional area
Spacing(s)
1. Main steel : S<= min(3d, 450mm)
2. Distribution steel : S<= min(5d, 450mm)
d=effective depth of slab.
Cover
• The cover at each end of reinforcing bar > 25mm and 2Ø.
• Minimum cover to reinforcement (tension, compression, shear) >
15mm and Ø.
Ø= diameter of reinforcement bar.
Bar Diameters
• Main steel : Ø >= 8mm (for HYSD bars)
Ø >= 10mm (for MS bars)
• Distribution steel: Ø >= 6mm
• Also Ø<= 1/8th D where D= depth of slab.
Simply supported one way slabs
• Ly/lx > 2 Ly= longer side of slab Lx= shorter side of slab.
• Short span is to be considered for design.
Main steel
Detailing requirements of one way slabs:
1. Slab thickness shall be indicated in both plan as well as section.
2. Where series of identical bars are used, it is customary to show
only one bar.
3. Bars in shorter direction(main reinforcement) are placed in bottom
layer, distribution slab is placed above it.
Distribution steel

Main steel
 4. At least 50% of main reinforcement provided at mid span should
extent to the supports.
450

0.1 l
support midspan support

50% of R/F Other 50% of R/F

extended at extended up to
supports 0.1l of support

5. The remaining 50% should extend to within 0.1l of the support.

l = span of slab.
General details of one way slab.
Simply supported two way slabs
• Ly/lx <=2 Ly= effective longer span of slab
Lx= effective shorter span of slab.
• Reinforcement in both directions Is considered as main
reinforcement.
• Bars in shorter direction are placed at bottom.
Longer side main
steel

Shorter
side Main
steel
Detailing requirements of two way slabs:
1. At least 50% of main reinforcement provided at mid span should
extent to the supports.
2. The remaining 50% should extend to within 0.1lx or ly of the
support, as appropriate.
 support

0.1 ly

450

support
0.1 lx
support midspan

50% of R/F Other 50% of R/F

extended at extended up to
supports 0.1l of support

support
General details of two way slab.
 Restrained slabs
• When the corners of a slab are prevented from lifting it is known as
restrained slab.
• The slabs are considered as divided in each direction into middle
strips and edge strips.

Edge Strip Ly/8

Ly Middle Strip 3Ly/4

Edge Strip Ly/8

Arrangement of Strips and Direction of
Reinforcement
 • Tension reinforcement provided at mid-span in the mid-span in the
middle strip shall extend in the lower part of the slab to within 0.25 l
of continuous edge, or 0.15 l of a discontinuous edge.

450

0.15l1 0.25l1 0.25l1

l1

Discontinuous edge Continuous edge

 • Over the continuous edges of a middle strip of a middle strip, the
tension reinforcement shall extend in the upper part of the slab a
distance of 0.15 l from support , and at least 50% shall extend a
distance of 0.3 l.
0.3l1 0.3l2

>=0.15l1 >=0.15l2
>=0.1l1

450

0.15l1 0.25l1 0.25l2

l1 l2

Discontinuous edge Continuous edge

 • At a discontinuous edge, tension reinforcement equal to 50% of that
provided at mid-span extending 0.1 l into the span will be sufficient.
• Reinforcement in edge strip parallel to the edge, shall comply with
the minimum reinforcement requirement and the requirement for
torsion.

Edge Strip Ly/8

Ly Middle Strip 3Ly/4 Minimum reinforcement

Edge Strip Ly/8

curtailment of bars in a Restrained Slab
Torsional reinforcement
• Torsional reinforcement shall be provided at any corner where the
slab is simply supported on both edges meeting at a corner and is
prevented from lifting.
• It shall consist of top and bottom reinforcement, each with layer of
bars placed parallel to the sides of the slab and extending from the
edges a minimum distance of 1/5th of the shorter span.
• The area of reinforcement per unit width in each of these four layers
shall be 3/4th of the area required for the maximum mid-span
moment per width in the slab when both the edges at a corner are
discontinuous.
Corner with two discontinuous Ends
 Continuous edge

Lx/5
Discontinuous edge

¾ Asmax (mid span) @

Continuous edge
top & bottom

Lx/5

¾ Asmax (mid span) @

top & bottom

Lx = Shorter span
Discontinuous edge
• For slabs in which only one edge is discontinuous, torsional
reinforcement equal to 3/8th of the area required for the maximum
mid-span moment per width in the slab is provided.
• Torsional reinforcement need not be provided at any corner contained
by edges over both of which the slab is continuous.
Corner with One Discontinuous End
 Continuous edge Continuous edge

3/8th Asmax (mid span)

@ top & bottom
Lx/5 Lx/5
continuous edge

Continuous edge
Lx/5

3/8th Asmax (mid span) @ Discontinuous edge Lx = Shorter span

top & bottom
Layer 1

Layer 2
Layer 3

Layer 4
Re-entrant Corners
• Diagonal reinforcement shall be placed at all re-entrant corners to
keep crack widths within limits.
Diagonal reinforcement
Cantilever slabs
• The main reinforcement shall be placed in the top of cantilever slab
extending to sufficient length over the support and back into normal
span.
≮Ld Main reinforcement

normal span Cantilever span

support
• Support to the top steel of cantilever slabs at spacings (for stools and
chairs) should preferably be specified in detailed drawing.
• The bending of the main bars should be such that they contribute to
the supporting of the steel, that is, bars that extend to the end should
have vertical bends, with a fixing bar at the bend.
Steel supporting chairs
≮Ld Main reinforcement

Bend

normal span Cantilever span

support
• The secondary steel at right angles to the support may be designed
and detailed to carry construction loading in the propped condition, if
necessary.

Steel supporting chairs

≮Ld Main reinforcement

Bend

normal span Cantilever span

Secondary steel

support
• The deflection in cantilever slabs can be reduced by the addition of
compression steel at the bottom. This would also be helpful in
counteracting possible reversal of bending moments.

Steel supporting chairs

≮Ld Main reinforcement

Bend

normal span Cantilever span Compression steel

Ld/3

support
Cantilever slab continuous over a brick wall
Secondary Steel Main Steel at top

Steel supporting chairs Bend

Cantilever at the bottom of
beams
• when a cantilever is at the bottom of a beam, the design of the
stirrups in the beam provides for moment, shear, hanging tension
and, if necessary, torsion.
• If possible, provide in the detailing of this steel for placing of the
beam steel without the necessity of the threading of the main beam
steel through the cantilever anchorage loops.
Arrangement of bars cantilever at bottom of
beam
Slab reinforcement
Beam reinforcement

Beam

Cantilever Slab Chair

Slab reinforcement

Beam reinforcement

Chair
 Cantilever at the top of beams
• Where the weathering course is 30 mm or less, crank the-bars at a
slope not exceeding 1 in 6.
Slope <= 1 in 6
S<=30
Slab reinforcement
s

Cantilever Slab
• Ensure that the combination of top bars and stirrups is such as to
provide the required restraint.
• if a bar is laced over and under the beam bars, it is fully restrained
provided that the beam top bars are heavy enough and a stirrup is
within 50 mm of such bar.
• If the bar is not so laced, detail the steel to ensure the anchorage
against bursting.
Openings in Slab
• Special detailing for openings for lift shafts, large service ducts, etc, in
the floors shall be given in the drawing.
• Such openings shall be strengthened by special beams or additional
reinforcement around the openings.
• Due regard shall be paid to the possibility of diagonal cracks
developing at the corners of the openings.
• Where openings are small and the slab is not subjected to any special
type loading or vibration conditions.
• At least one half the quantity of principal steel intersected by the
opening is to be placed parallel to principal steel on each side of the
opening extending Ld beyond the edges of the opening.
• Diagonal stitching bars are put across the corners of rectangular holes
or so placed as to frame circular openings. They should be placed
both at top and bottom if the thickness of slab exceeds 150 mm. The
diameter of these bars should be the same as that of, the larger of the
slab bars, and their length should be about 80 diameters.
Bars parallel
to opening
extended up
to length Ld
beyond
edges of
opening

opening

Diagonal bars