4 A2 sin 2
cos 2
2
2
4 A2 sin 2
I cos 2
2
2
where
Diff . Min. bsin n
b sin Diff . Max. bsin (2n 1) / 2
and where n 1, 2,3.....
d m
b n
Missing orders of int. pattern (m)
Because of min of diff pattern (n)
4 A2 sin 2
cos 2
2
2 (iii) If d=4b, then m=4n
missing orders are 4,8,12,...
Consider the case when b = 8.8 10–3 cm, d = 7.0 10–2 cm, and
= 6.328 10–5 cm. How many interference minima will occur
between the two diffraction minima on either side of the central
maximum? In the experimental arrangement the screen was placed
at a distance of 15 ft. Calculate the fringe width.
Numerical: Double slit diffraction
If λ=0.5µm, slit width ‘b’=2 µm and separation
between slits ‘a’=2 µm. Calculate
1. Position of first two minima (a+b)sin=(2m+1) /2;
'n =sin 1 ((2m 1)0.0625); m 0,1
Ans: 3.58o, 10.8o
2. Position of first two maxima (a+b)sin=m ;
n =sin 1 (0.125m); m 1, 2
Ans: 7.18o , 14.47o
3. Position of first diff. minima bsin=n; n 1
Ans: 14.47o
4. How many numbers of maxima are there in
Ans: 3 (m=0, +1, -1)
principal maxima ?
5. Missing orders Ans: m=2 order is missing
DIFFRACTION FROM N
NUMBER OF SLITS
(DIFFRACTION GRATING)
N N
sin sin
R R 2 A sin 2
sin sin
2 2
dsin
where,
A 2 sin 2 sin 2 N 2
I
2 sin 2 bsin
Intensity of diffraction pattern is given as
A2 sin 2 sin 2 N
I
2 sin 2
MAXIMA (Principal Maxima)
sin 0
m (d sin )
d sin m Where, m = 0 ,1, 2, 3, …
sin N N cos N A2
sin 2
Lt Lt N I N2
m sin cos
m
2
MINIMA
sinN 0 but not sin 0 Nγ nπ N (dsin )
Nd sin n Where n can have the all integer values
except 0, N, 2N, 3N…
SECONDARY MAXIMA
d sin N
2
2 sin N N sin cos N sin N cos sin N N
d 0 sin (N 2 1)sin 2 1
sin
2
sin sin
N=5
5π/2
3π/2 7π/2
γ = -2π -π 0 π 2π
Nγ = π 2π 3π 4π
WIDTH OF A PRINCIPAL MAXIMA
1st order
principal maxima
1st order
secondary maxima
m 1
N 3
2nd order
principal maxima mN 1 4 and 2
Nd sin(m dm ) n
(mN+1)th order minima
d m d sin m m
mth order principal maxima
d m
Nd cos m
2
2 d m
Nd cos m
N - SLITS
b
d
a
numbers of lines per inch
d sin m m
d sin m 1.693 104
m 2.8
6 10 5
Hence 0th order will be present and all the higher order spectra will be
absent.
If