• Pikiran otistik
Menandakan bahwa penyebab distorsi arus asosiasi ialah daridalam pasien itu sendiri dalam
bentuk lamunan, fantasi, waham atau halusinasi. Cara berpikir seperti ini hanya akan memuaskan
keinginannya yang tak terpenuhitanpa memperdulikan keadaan sekitarnya; hidup dalam alam
pikirannya sendiri. Kadang-kadang istilah ini dipakai juga untuk pikiran dereistik.
EPIDEMIOLOGI
Prevalensi seumur hidup, sekurang-kurangnya 1 orang dari 100 akan menderita Skizofrenia.
ETIOLOGI
Penyebab pasti dari skizofrenia masih belum jelas . Konsensus umum saat ini adalah bahwa gangguan
ini disebabkan
oleh interaksi yang kompleks antara berbagai faktor. Faktor- faktor yang diimplikasikan meliputi
predisposisi
genetika, abnormalitas perkembangan saraf,abnormalitas struktur otak dan proses psikososial dan
lingkungan.
FAKTOR RESIKO
Symptoms : ( at least 5)
• Depressed mood or anhedonia (patient must have at least 1; present most
of the day nearly every day for a minimum of 2 consecutive weeks)
• Sleep disturbance
• Change in appetite or weight
• Psychomotor problems
• Lack of energy
• Poor concentration
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• Suicidal ideation
Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in social, work, or other areas of
functioning
Episode is not attributable to the physiologic
effects of a substance or other medical
disorder
• Distinction depends on temporal relationship
of the mood disturbance and the psychosis
vital signs
• Stimulant intoxication
– Cocaine, amphetamines, amphetamine derivatives, and synthetic
cathinones (ie, bath salts)
– Cause sympathomimetic physical signs and symptoms (eg, tachycardia,
hypertension, sweating, mydriasis)
– May result in agitation, aggression, and sometimes psychosis
(paranoia, delirium, and hallucinations)
– If hallucinations occur, they are likely to be visual
– Tactile hallucinations may also occur (sensation of tiny insects crawling
on or under the skin)
• Synthetic cannabinoid intoxication
– Known by brand names Spice, K2, Cloud 9, and others 20
– High-potency direct agonists of the cannabinoid receptors
(tetrahydrocannabinol is a partial agonist)
– Can cause irritability, agitation, hallucinations, and delusions
• Phencyclidine intoxication
– Cause sympathomimetic signs and symptoms. Pupils may be
midsize and reactive, or miosis or mydriasis may be present
– Vertical and horizontal nystagmus are a hallmark of
phencyclidine intoxication
– Agitation, bizarre behaviors (sometimes violent); may
sometimes have catatonic stare
– May exhibit paranoia, auditory hallucinations, and disorganized
behavior and speech
• Skizopfrenia : 3A