CHARACTERISTICS OF

FLAMMABLE MATERIALS
A firefighter must be able to determine the classification of a
fire in order to select the best method of extinguishment to
use, however such a building fire, firefighters may never
combat a single class of fire,, but a combination of fire classes.
Buildings are made of many kinds of materials, such as
wood, masonry, steel, and tile. Almost all buildings are provided
with electricity, and some have gas stoves and furnaces.
Aircraft fire or crashes may present many fire
combination because all aircrafts use some kind of flammable
fuel. With all the electrical equipment on board, an extra
hazard of class C and class B may be encountered.
• The specific differences in the properties are known as
characteristics, and all flammable materials have characteristics
peculiar to themselves. All matter, including flammable materials
will exist in at least one of three states (Liquids, Gases, and Solids).
• LIQUIDS - Are fluids that do not generate not more than 40
psia when heated to 100 degrees F (psia is pound per square inch
absolute).

• TYPES OF LIQUIDS:
• FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS – These are liquids with a flashpoint below
100 degrees F and vapor pressure not over than 40 psia at 100F.
• COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS – Liquids that have a flashpoint at or above
100F.
• SLOPOVER – Water trapped at bottom of storage tanks vaporizes
from heat expanding and expelling contents above it.
• GASES
• Gases are classified by their chemical, physical
properties, and usage.
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES – chemical properties of gases
are of prime interest to firefighters, as they reflect the
ability of the gas to react within it or with other materials.
The chemical properties of gases may be broken down as
Flammable Gases, Non-flammable Gases, Reactive Gases,
and Toxic Gases.
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – Is the physical behavior of a
gas both outside and inside its container and when
accidentally released these are of prime interest to
firefighters. The physical classification are Compressed
gases, Liquefied gases, and Cryogenic gases.
• USAGE – Classification of gases is made by their usage.
However, there will be much overlapping in these usages. (
Fuel gases, Industrial gases, and Medical gases).
GASES
• SOLIDS
• Combustible solids are those which ignite burn and
change chemically when subjected to heat or fire. The heat
must be approximately 350F or higher. Above this
temperature, ordinary materials will give off enough vapors
or gases to burn. Examples are wood, paper, and cloth.
• There are other combustible solids which may ignite or
detonate at lower temperatures. These combustible solids
are classed as hazardous chemicals and should be kept in
suitable containers. They should be separated from each
other materials which react with them.
• Combustible metals – most of these are chemical
elements which are part of earths composition. Very few if
any, are found in the natural state, as in gold. The pure
metal is extracted from mineral or deposits by chemical
process.
• FIRE EFFECTS ON BUILDINGS MATERIALS
• Building materials varying degrees of resistance to fire,
depending on their composition, arrangement, and the amount of
heat generated in the fire. There is no such thing as “fireproof”,
since all buildings materials are affected by fire.
• EFFECTS OF FIRE ON VARIOUS MATERIALS:
• WOOD – wood burns with an open flame and it chars
depending upon its type, condition, thickness. Laminated wood
girders, etc., will burn more readily than solid timbers of the same
dimensions. Wood shingles will burn readily, and under certain
conditions will curl and fly off a roof or wall, spreading fire in all
directions.
• Ordinary plywood under fire conditions has a tendency to
“unpeel”, exposing fresh surfaces to a fire; generally, plywood will
burn through more quickly than a solid board of the same
thickness. The exterior and marine grades of plywood use binder
resins which have some fire resistance and will not burn as rapidly
as the ordinary grades.
• STEEL – In its usual form is non-combustible, however, steel
wool and filings can be ignited under certain conditions. In
a burning building, structural steel may heat rapidly, lose its
strength and deform.
• MASONRY – In general, brick, stone, and concrete are
considered fire resistant. Under conditions of prolong
exposure to heat, may crack or spall. If suddenly cooled by
water from a hose stream, the surface of a heated masonry
wall may crack or spall with a near-explosive force and
destructive effects on the wall.
• MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION MATTERIALS – In
addition to the three most common building materials,
there are a number of other materials that are used in all
type of building. These types of material are normally used
for interior finishes, roofing, or decorative purposes.
• PLASTIC SHEETING – A translucent, corrugated, plastic-impregnated
fiberglass panels used for natural illumination of structures. Their
combustible varies according to the type of plastic used under
binder.
• GLASS – While glass is non-combustible, its normal brittleness
is increased by sudden cooling. This causes it to crack under shatter.
• ASPHALT-ASBESTOS SIDING, ROOFING, AND SHINGLES – All of
these are combustible to a degree, depending on the relative
amounts of asphalt and inert material compounds in their makeup.
• CLAY TILE – These are used for floor covering, partitions, flues,
etc., tile can be generally classed with masonry as non-combustible.
Under fire conditions, its behavior is similar to masonry, depending
upon its thickness, density, and sureface texture.
• FIBERBOARD – Fiberboards of vegetable or animal materials
are generally combustible, while those of mineral origin are not.
• GYPSUM BOOARD – Widely use as an interior finish for
partitions, walls, and ceiling, it is regarded as non-
combustible. Under fire conditions it may crack and
splinter or chip.
• PLASTIC and SYNTHETIC RESINS – To date more
types and forms of plastics and forms of plastics and
synthetic resins are commonly used as building
materials, and for related purposes.
• ACCOUSTICAL and INSULATION MATERIALS – In
general, acoustical and insulation materials composed
of animal and vegetable materials are combustible,
while those of mineral origin are not. Under fire
conditions, even those normally regarded as non-
combustible may be disintegrated or severely damaged
by relatively little heat.
• FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENT:
• TWO GENERAL TYPES OF FIRE-RETARDANT:
• SURFACE COATING – Is usually used in combination
with a paint, decompose at the point of contact of a
flame or other heat source to form blister filled with an
infinite number of tiny bubbles.
• IMPREGNATION – It is usually done in a processing
plant or factory by forcing solutions of fire-retardant
chemicals, under pressure, into the pores of the
materials to be protected.
• Both treatments vary on its effectiveness, depending
on the materials to be treated, the chemicals used, and
the efficiency of the coating or impregnation. Neither
is considered to be the equal of non-combustible
construction.
Hazardous Material Identification
 NFPA Standard No. 704, Fire Hazards
of Materials
• Visually illustrates the hazards to fire fighters
fighting fires in fixed installations such as
chemical processing areas, storage and
warehouse facilities, and laboratory
entrances. The “704 diamond” colored
numbers is used to illustrate the degree of
hazard and health and the flammability and
reactivity of hazardous materials.
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
• PLACARDING MIXED LOADS
• The DANGEROUS placards must
be used for mixed loads
containing more than one kind of
hazardous materials requiring
placards when aggregate gross
weight.
PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL
FIREFIGHTING
• This chapter will point out the main features of a
good fire fighting plan. Fire fighting is, has been,
and always will be one of the main objectives of
fire protection. A well- manned, well- equipped,
and well- trained fire department provides a solid
based upon which effective fire fighting depends.
The strategy and tactics used to suppress fire
evolved from this base.

• STRUCTURAL FIRE FIGHTING:

• 1. Initial Procedures:
• a) Sounding the alarm
• The crew member who discovers/receives the
fire alarm must sound the alarm promptly

• b) The crewman who sounds the alarm must

be sure to give the exact location of the fire,
information regarding the types of fire. The
exact location may indicate the need of fast
and immediate response.

• 2. Fire fighting Procedures/Strategy:

• a) Size-up
• The evaluation and observation of the fire
scene on the following:
• 1). Class of fire (what combustible materials
are burning)
• 2). The appropriate extinguishing agent to be
used
• 3). The appropriated method of attack
• 4). How to prevent the extension of fire
• 5). The required manpower and fire fighting
assignment.
• b) attack
• The method of action to gain immediate
control to prevent or minimize the extension
of fire to exposures.
• Methods of Attack:
• 1). Direct Method
• 2). Indirect Method

• c) Ventilation
• Types:
• 1). Vertical ventilation
• 2). Horizontal ventilation
• 3). Mechanical/forced ventilation
• 4). Combination of Vertical & Horizontal

• d) Exposures
• e) Extinguishment
• An action/methods performed by fire fighters
in putting off the fire by means of
extinguishing agent, such as; water, chemicals
and foam.
• f) Rescue
• g) Overhaul
• h) Salvage
• The following are the other strategy used in
fire fighting:
• Locate the fire
• Confine the fire
• Extinguish the fire
• Exposures
• In addition it the basic tactics the following
are also added:
• Rescue
• Overhaul
• Ventilation
• Salvage

• Location- locating the fire sounds like a simple

matter. In an open chamber yard where the
flames are reaching for the sky, it is a simple
matter. But finding or locating a fire in a room in a
cellar of a three- storey dormitory or building
which is filled with dense smoke is not an easy
task.
• Confinement- Confining the fire is the next step
be used to the utmost to determine whether or
not the fire is to be routine or a disaster.
Confining the fire simply means to restrict its
spread to its point of origin or at least to the area
involved.

• Extinguishment- Extinguishment the fire may take

as little water as that used in a booster line, or it
may take thousands of gallons played through
heavy appliance. The decision rests upon the
judgement, skill, training, and experience of the
officer-in-charge.
 Factors to be Considered in
Extinguishment:
• Time of Day
• 1). The hour of the day can have a direct
bearing on the life and fire hazards involved.
• 2). Time also has a direct bearing on the speed
of the response of fire fighting and rescue
vehicles.
• 3). During hours of darkness, special lighting
equipment may be needed. Night operations
may require auxiliary fire fighting personnel.
• Weather
• Some of the Weather factors that must be
considered:
• 1). Temperature
• 2). Humidity
• 3). Wind and precipitation
• The direction of wind determines where the
greatest exposure dangers are located. High
humidity means a smoky fire and difficulty in
operating in the building without thorough
ventilation. In a situation where pungent fumes
are encountered, more additional hardship and
danger
• for the firefighters operating and fighting fire
in the street and particularly in narrow alleys
at the rear or sides of the building on fire.

• In this types of fire situation, it is frequently

impossible to get on close enough to do inside
work, and it is necessary to operate from the
outside of the building unless suitable
respiratory protection is provided.
• Reviewing these entire situation, there are
also other factors such as excavations or other
obstructions in the street in the immediate
neighborhood of the fire that may have a
direct bearing upon the operation of the fire
department, as well as the amount of
apparatus and personnel that will be needed.

• The Fire

• Factors to be Evaluated at the Fire Scene:

• a). Extent of the Fire;
• b). Its location in the building;
• c). The type of contents involved;
• d). The life conditions
• e). Types of construction

• Occupancy
• Determine the number of people that occupy
the building, including the materials that are
found in it. Also note the nature of the units
occupying the building.
• Ventilation
• It is a method used for clearing the building of
smoke and gases, localize the fire, and reduce
smoke and forcible entry damage.

• Types of Ventilation:
• 1).Vertical Ventilation – the method to establish
vertical ventilation is it must be smoke rise to the
highest point and, of confined, will tend to
“mushroom” or rise to the highest point of the
building, exerting their heating effect on
everything they touch.
• 2). Cross or Horizontal Ventilation- if the smoke
and gases have not reached the higher levels,
across ventilation can clear the building one floor
at a time. Windows are the easiest and generally
most available for the common types of building,
but the indiscriminate opening if windows and
doors can defeat the purpose of ventilation.
• 3). Mechanical or Forced Ventilation- A process or
method of ventilation whereby a device such as
smoke ejector is utilized to remove faster
excessive heat and dense smoke in a confined
building.
 Factors to Determine the Location for
the Opening/Ventilation
• 1). Location of intensity of fire
• 2). Highest point on the roof
• 3). Direction of wind
• 4). Existing exposure
• 5). Extent of fire
• 6). Obstruction

• Steps in the procedure for Vertical Ventilatio

• Steps in the Procedure of Cross, Horizontal
Ventilation

• 1). Open the windows on the leeward side first,

and then open the windows on the windward
side.
• 2). After one floor is clear, ventilate the next floor
in the same manner.
• 3). If at all possible, avoid making openings below
the level of the fire.
• 4). If the opening is made at the same floor level
as the fire, hose lines should be available for
immediate use.
• 5). The opening should be large enough to
provide a rapid exit for the smoke and gases.
• 6). Work with the wind at your back, keeping in
mind the heat, explosive characteristic, and toxic
effects of escaping gas.
• Steps in the Procedure for Cross, Horizontal
Ventilation
• 1). Open the windows on the leeward side first,
and then open the windows on the windward
side.
• 2). After one floor is clear, ventilate the next floor
in the same manner.
• 3). If at all possible, avoid making openings
below the level of the fire.
• 4). If the opening is made at the same floor
level as the fire, hose lines should be available
for immediate use.
• 5). Avoid ventilating a building in such a way
that fire is withdrawn through any building
part that is not involved.
• 6). When making an opening, exercise great
care to prevent the spread of the fire to
exposures, and have hose lines available to
protect the exposures.
• Advantages of Ventilation:
• 1). Aids Rescue Operations
• Proper ventilation simplifies and expedites the
rescue of victims by removing smoke and gases
that endanger occupants trapped or unconscious,
and make the conditions safer for firefighters.
• 2). Fire Attack and Extinguishment
• The removal of smoke, gases, and heat from the
building permits firefighters to move rapidly and
locate the area and proceed with extinguishment.
It will also reduce the danger of asphyxiation
• 3). Reduced Property Damages
• Rapid extinguishment of fire reduces property
damage.
• 4). Reduces Mushrooming
• When sufficient heat is confined in the area,
the temperature of combustible materials
rises to their ignition points. These materials
will not ignite, however, unless sufficient
amount of oxygen is available to support
combustion.
• In this situation, a very dangerous condition
exists because the admittance of an air supply is
all that is needed to create the overheated area
into an inferno (backdraft). In order to prevent
this critical situation from occurring, top
ventilation must be provided to release
superheated fire gases and smoke.

• Exposures
• it is an action taken by the firefighters to cover or
secure other building/s, people form exposing
themselves near the affected area or danger from
fire.
• Exposed building can be ignited by radiated heat,
by direct flame contact, or by flying brands. The
possibility of ignition always exists, but the
danger is more acute when large quantities of
heat are produced.

• Factors that contribute ignition to Exposure:

• 1). Direction and velocity of the wind;
• 2). The relative humidity of the atmosphere;
• 3). The distance between the building (the most
importance single factor in the potential danger
of an exposure hazard).
• Types of Exposures
• 1). Fire Exposures- refers to the property exposed
to the fire, such as property directly across alleys
or besides the fire building.

• 2). Life Exposure- refers to the danger to the lives

of the occupants of any building that is in line
with the travel of dangerous fumes or gases
thrown off by fire as well as to the occupants of
any building that is seriously exposed to the fire
form the building on fire. All other firefighting
actions (tactics) stem from this basic strategy
• Rescue Defined:
• Any action taken by the firefighters to remove
occupants/persons from a burning
building/hazards to a safety place.

• Rescue is a very broad term, it may be light or

heavy; it may involve first aid, resuscitator or
heart-lung resuscitation techniques,
emergency childbirth, or retrieving persons
who has fallen or trapped down a well.
• A. Hydraulic Rescue Tools
• Hydraulic rescue tools are used by emergency
rescue personnel to assist vehicle extrication
of crash victims, as well as other rescues from
small spaces. These tools include cutters,
spreaders and rams. They are popularly
referred to in the United States, Canada,
United Kingdom and Australia as Jaws of Life,
a trademark of Hale Products Inc. Hydraulic
rescue tools are powered by a hydraulic
pump, which can be hand-, foot-, or engine-
powered, or even built into the tool itself.
• Cutter
• The cutter is a hydraulic tool which is designed to cut
through metal. It is often called a crab-cutter, owing to
the shape and configuration of its blades
• Sometimes specified as to its capacity to cut a solid
circular steel bar, these are most commonly used to cut
through a vehicle’s structure in an extrication
operation.

• Spreader
• A spreader is a hydraulic tool designed with 2 arms
which have a narrow tip. The tip of the tool can be
inserted into a narrow gap between two vehicle panels
CAMID LUMANDONG JR.
 OVERHAUL

• A complete and detailed

check of the structures and
material involved in the fire to
make sure that have an
assurance against re-ignation
 SALVAGE
• An action taken by the firefighters in
preventing excessive damage by fir,
smoke, and water with the use of a
salvage cover or by removing
materials out from the burning
building.
 Method for salvage cover
Two categories of devices in hose layout

1. Hose appliance
2. Hose tools
 HOSE JACKET
• A hollow cylindrical or barrel-shaped
device that opens lengthwise through
the center on a set of hinges.

HOSE CLAMP
A tool used to stop the flow of water in a
fire hose without shutting off the source of
water supply.
 TYPES OF HOSE CLAMPS
• Screw-down
• Press-down
• Hydraulic down
 HOSE STRAP
• It is a 36 inch length of cloth strap with a
handle on one end and a hook on the
other. It is used for moving hose layouts,
usually up ladder or staircases.
ROPE
It is a safety line used for hoisting tools for
various floors of a structure and used for
anchoring to stationary objects, ladders
hose lines.
 VALVES
• Control the flow of water in
a hoselines, hydrants, and
at a pumper.
 LESSON2.2.LADDER OPERATION
• Ladder is very important during an
emergency situation , partially during fire,
when every second count’s towards the
success or failure of an operation.
• They have two type of ladders;
• Ground ladders
• Aerial Ladders
• Ground ladders vary in sizes fro 3.1 to
17meters (10.55feet) Long . It id being
carried on a pumper or firerucks.
 Forms of Ground ladders
• Wall
• Extension ladder
• Hook Ladders (roof) or straight ladder
• Attic ladder

• Users;
• For rescue
• to stretch lines into a fire building
• Provide ventilation by giving Access to ports , scuttles,
windows, roods, or other places that are hard to rea
• Straight Ladder

• A type of ladder that contains only one

section. Ranges length from 12 to 16 feet
but the most common size is the 14-foot
straight ladder. The roof or hook ladder is
a straight ladder adapted for a special
purpose. Hooks are mounted on a
movable socket that permits them to fold
inward when not in use.
• Extension Ladder

• This is consist s of a bed and one more fly

ladders. The fly ladder slides through guides on
the upper end of the bed ladder. The 24, 25, or
36 foot ladders are the types commonly found
and carried on the pumpers or fire trucks.
• An extension ladder that has a stay poles is called
tormentors.
• Extension ladders that are extended to more than
35 feet are called Bangor ladders.
• Attic Ladder
• It provides means of reaching through an
opening into attics, lofts, and other areas
that are somewhat difficult to reach
without a special ladder.
• It can be folded or collapsed for a small
room or closet works. They are usually
short because they are required to reach
only a short distance.
 WALL LADDER
• This of type ladder best
used in rescue where a
ladder in place is already
falls short of the
endangered person.
 Prepared by
• Name: Gino Mabido
• Age: 23
• Course: Bs. Criminology
• BP: Loreto, Agusan del sur
• BD: November 20,1995
TYPES OF LADDER ACCORDING TO ITS
BEAM:
• A. SOLID BEAM GROUND LADDER – MADE OF
HEAVY HARD WOOD AND/OR LIGHTWEIGHT
ALLOYS.

• B. TRUSSED BEAM GROUND LADDER – A

LIGHTWEIGHT METAL ALLOY EASIER TO
HANDLE AND CARRY.
• SOLID BEAM GROUND LADDER
TRUSSED BEAM GROUND LADDER
 AERIAL LADDER
• THIS TYPE OF LADDER THAT IS MOUNTED ON A
TURNTABLE, CAPABLE OF EXTENDING UP TO 30.5
METERS (100 FEET), MAY HAVE THREE OR FOUR
METAL FLY SECTIONS OF LADDER THAT CAN BE
RAISED OR LOWERED BY HYDRAULICALLY
CONTROLLED CABLES.

• FORMS OF AERIAL LADDER

• 1. HYRDRAULIC AERIAL LADDERS
• 2. ELEVATING PLATFORM (ARTICULATED
BOOM
HYDRAULIC AERIAL LADDER
TOWER LADDER
ARTICULATING BOOM LADDER
• LADDER TERMINOLOGY
• 1. Bed Ladder- the lowest section of an extension ladder.
• 2. Fly Ladder- the top section of an extension ladder
• 3. Butt- the bottom end of a ladder
• 4. Heel- the part of a ladder that touches the ground
• 5. Halyard- a rope or cable used to raise the fly ladder
• 6. Pawl or Dog- the mechanism located at the end of the fly
ladder that locks to the bed ladder
• 7. Rung- the cross member of a ladder that is used for climbing
• 8. Top or Tip- it is the top part of the ladder
• 9. Hooks- part of a ladder that is used to hook over a roof
peak, sills, or walls where the heels does not rest on a
foundation (found only on roof-type ladders).
• 10. Stops- made of metal or wood blocks used to prevent the
fly of an extension ladder from extending out further from the
ladder.
• 11. Guides- light metal strips of an extension ladder that
guides the fly ladder while it is being raised or lowered.
• HANDLING OF LADDERS:
• A. Ladder Safety:
• - always wear protective gear including gloves when working
with ladders;
• - choose the proper ladder for the job;
• - use leg muscle when lifting ladders below the waist;
• - Use the proper number of firefighters/personnel for each
raise;
• - make sure that ladders are not raised into electrical wires;
• - check ladder for proper angle;
• - check the rung locks to be sure that they are seated over the
rungs;
• - make sure that the ladder is secure at the top of bottom or
both before climbing;
• - climb smoothly and rhythmically‘;
• - do not overload the ladder;
• - always use a leg lock when working from the ladder;
• - inspect ladders for damage and wear after each use.
• B. Working Rules for Ladder Length and Ground Ladder Placement:
• - ladder should extend a few feet preferably 5 rungs beyond foot edge for
both footing and handhold for person stepping the ladder;
• - for ventilation, ladder is place at the side of a window, windward side;
• - for rescue from a window opening, the tip of the ladder should be placed
just below the window sill. If the window opening is wide enough, the ladder may
be extended into one side of the opening, two or three rungs above the
window sill.
• C. Other Ladder Placements Guidelines:
• -place ladder at least two points on different sides of the building;
• - avoid placing ladders over openings such as windows and doors;
• - take advantage of strong points in building construction when placing
ladders;
• - avoid placing ladders where they may cause into contact with overhead
obstruction such as wires, tree limbs or signage;
• - avoid placing ladders on main paths of travel that firefighters or evacuees
will need to use;
• - avoid placing ladders on uneven terrain or soft spots;
• - avoid placing ladders where they may come in contact either on burning
surfaces or openings with flame present;
• - avoid placing ladders on top of elevator trapdoors or utility covers;
• - do not place ladders against unstable walls or surfaces.
• Important factors and Precautionary Measures in
Ladder Raise:
• Fire fighters must need to look overhead for electrical
wires or equipment before making final selection on
where to place a ladder or what method to use for
raising it.
• A distance of at least 10 ft (3m) from all energized
electrical equipment. The distance must be maintain at
all times, including the raising of the ladder.
• In general, metal and fiberglass extension ladders are
designed to be used with the FLY OUT (away from the
building) except specified by the ladder manufacturer.
Wood extension ladders are intended to be deployed
with the FLY IN (next to the building).
 Type of Ladder Carries
• ONE MAN CARRY – Remove the ladder from
the apparatus and pass either arm through
the ladder at the middle of its length. Carry it
with the hooks forward and lowered.
• 2. TWO MAN CARRY – Normally extension
ladders from 24 to 36 feet in length require at
least two men. To remove the ladder from the
fire apparatus, place one man near each end.
Each man then passes one arm through the
ladder and the grasps and second rung
forward. Both men must be on the same side.
 3. FOUR MAN CARRY – Remove the
ladder from the apparatus and place it
on the ground with the fly up. Have
the four men take their positions, two
near each end, on opposite sides of
the ladder. Face the top of the ladder.
Reach down and grasp a rung with the
hand nearest it. Raise the ladder on
the shoulder.
• SIX MAN CARRY- this procedure is the same as
four-man carry except that an additional two
me are placed in the middle in the opposite
sides to carry a heavier ladder
 LADDER RAISES
• Ladder raising requires practice and cooperation. Before
raising a ladder, you must know how far you should place
the heel of the ladder from the building.

• Ways or method to determine the distance of the

ladder heel from the building:
• Divide the length of the ladder by 5 and add 2. (e.i, if the
ladder is fully extended, the heel should be 9 feet from the
building (35/5=7+2=9).
• Divide the length of the ladder by 4. if you used a fully
extended 35-foot.
• Ladder, divide 35 by 4 and the result is also a distance
approximately 9 feet.
 TYPES OF LADDER RAISES
• ONE-MAN RAISE
• TWO-MAN RAISE
• THREE-MAN RAISE
• FOUR-MAN RAISE