EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Information and Communications

Technology Today: Development and
Commonly Used Tools
Module 1: Information and
Communications Technology Today
 At the end of this module, We can:
 Compare and contrast the nuances of varied
online platforms, sites, and content.
 State the events that led to the current
technologies, processes, and techniques used in
ICT.
 Apply online safety, security, ethics etiquette
standards and practices in the use of ICT.
Module 1: Information and
Communications Technology Today
 Use the Internet as a tool for credible research
and information gathering.
 Use ICT in the context of global
communications for specific professional track.
ICT – Information and
Communications Technology
 ICT – Collectively refers to the technologies,
both hardware and software, that enable
humans to communicate with one another.
Evolution of ICT
 The beginning of ICT can be traced back
when humans started to use objects to
communicate with one another.
 There are four main periods in history that
divide the era of ICT, namely:
 Pre-mechanical period
 Mechanical period
 Electromechanical period
 Electronic period
The Premechanical Period
 Humans started communicating with one another
using words and pictograms curved in rocks.
 Then they started to write symbols as substitutes
for pictures to depict ideas, objects, and animals. -
alphabets
 Paper was produced from papyrus plant. - papers
 They compiled these records written on pieces of
paper and bound them together. –books
 As these books grew in number, they needed to
be compiled and stored in areas - libraries
The Premechanical Period
 The most popular device created in this
period is said to have come from china –
the abacus.
The Mechanical Period
 The interest in automating and speeding up
numerical calculations grew.
 The highlight of this period is the advent of
the mechanical calculator called the
Pascaline.
 Analytical Engine – first programmable
mechanical computer – Charles babbage
The Electromechanical Period
 The use of electricity for information handling and
transfer bloomed.
 This period saw the use of the telegraph to
transmit information over long distances.
 The telephone was later invented, enabling voice
transmission over long distances.
 Likewise, humans started to control electricity
using vacuum tubes in devices that eventually led
to the development of today’s electronic gadgets.
The Bombe
 This device was used to decipher the code that
was generated by a similar German encryption
machine, the Enigma, during the World War II.
The Electronic Period
 The highlight of this period is focused on
the advent of solid state devices or
electronic devices.
 The four main events found in this period
are:
 The late vacuum tubes period
 The transistors period
 The integrated circuits period
 The computer processors period
The Electronic Period
 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
(ENIAC) – the first electronic and general purpose
computer, marked a revolutionary period in computing

 In 1947, the transistor was invented. It is an electronic

device with properties and functions similar to vacuum
tubes, but it is lightweight and faster.

 In 1958, Jack Kilby introduced the integrated circuit (IC) –

IC is a device that is composed of a group of transistors
and circuit elements compressed in a single package.
The Electronic Period
 The advent and development of integrated
circuits ushered in the period of powerful
processors.
 ICs are used in processing devices, and
processors are constructed in IC forms.
 From this time up to today, computers are
evolving from basic textual interfaces to
graphical user interfaces (GUI).
ICT Today
 The fusion of hardware equipment, precise
software, GUI, and effective
communications network is the present
composition of the ICT network.
 Furthermore, Internet applications and even
Internet browsers work as tools for
communications and transmission of
information from one point to another.
The World Wide Web
 The World wide WEB (www)

 The Technology was proposed by Tim

Berners-Lee in 1989, in which a data base
and interface will be implemented to
associates links in readable documents.
The Social Media
 ICT produced another high impact user
application – the social media.

 These applications started together with the

Web 2.0 and are used in communicating
and socializing with other application users
in virtual communities.
The Social Media
 The social media platform contains different
formats.
 Blogs
 Enterprise social networks
 Forums
 Photo-sharing sites
 Product selling
 Research sharing sites
 Social games
 Social networks
 Video sharing
Research and Information Seeking
 Web search engines – These are programs
designed to search or mine the World Wide Web
based on keywords provided by the user.
 Google
 Yahoo
 Bing
 AOL
 Duckduckgo
Research and Information Seeking
 Research indexing sites – These are Web sites
dedicated to compile and index researches done
by academic researchers, engineers, social
scientists, and so on.
 IEEE X plore
 Google Scholar
 ResearchGate
Research and Information Seeking
 Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) sites
or tutorial sites – These are Web sites dedicated
to teach and inform users focused on different
areas.
 Coursera
 edX
 Udemy
Research and Information Seeking
 Employment Web sites – These are Web sites
that enable companies to post job vacancies and
also accommodate job seekers by providing a
resume-submission facility.
 Jobstreet
 JobsDB
 Bestjobs
Research and Information Seeking
 Electronic commerce (e-commerce) – This is
technology that uses electronic means to trade
products and currencies.
 It also includes any technology that introduces
ease in business management and customer
convenience.
Authenticity Verication of
Information from the Web
 Published author’s name – Publishing the
name of the one who wrote the article or
information is one sign that the information is
valid, credible, and legitimate.
 Credible Web sites – Error-free articles are
more likely published by credible Web sites.
 Web sites of big international or local companies
 Government connected/maintained.
 News agencies
Authenticity Verication of
Information from the Web
 Rating, number of viewers, and number of
shares – A credible article is more likely to
receive a high rating or normally high number of
stars from reviewers.
Online Ethics and Etiquette
 Netizen – refers to the person who is a member
or a part of the online community.
 Netiquette – is a coined term of network and
etiquette.
 Netiquette is a set of ideal rules and conduct that a
netizen should observe in communication and/or
publishing information and materials over the WWW
and ICT in general.
Online Ethics and Etiquette
 Recognize that your cyber avatar, or your online
representation, is not another world but an
extension of your personality and the existing
society that you are part of.
 Apply the values and conduct learned since
childhood in the online extension of our society.
 Keep in mind that there are laws existing in our
society and on the Web.
 Republic Act 10627 or Anti –Bullying Act of 2013
 Republic Act 10175 or Cybercrime Prevention Act of
2012
Online Ethics and Etiquette
 Keep in mind that there are differences
among the individuals you will interact with
and read your published contents.
 Everything published on the WWW should
be considered as copyrighted or owned by
another individual.
 Be careful in selecting words to
communicate.
Online Safety and Security
 Here are number of threats than can be
acquired from connecting to the WWW.
 Spam – refers to the transmission of unsolicited
messages.
 Phishing – a software or program used by an
attacker to obtain personal information
 Malware – short term for malicious software,
which is a computer software sent by attackers
to inflict chaos on computer’s operation and
processes.
Pictogram of Sumerian
The Abacus
The Pascaline
Analytical Engine
Telegraph
Telephone
ENIAC
The Transistor
The Integrated Circuit (IC)
The Olivettie Programma 101
The IBM 5150