Band Gap of Ge diode

PHYSICS PROJECT
NAME NITISH
ROLL NO 207
CLASS TYBSc.
What is Energy Band and Types Of Bands ?

• A range of energies associated with the

quantum states of electrons in a crystalline
solid.

• Types of Energy Bands

Conduction Band
Valance Band
To Determine the energy band gap
of Germanium semi-conductor

Apparatus – Germanium
semiconductor, DC power supply(0-
5V) ,microammeter,
Digital Voltmeter, thermometer
,burner.
 FORMULA.

Is : reverse saturation current .

T : absolute temperature of diode
K : Boltzmann constant
A : constant
 THEORY
In Germanium semiconductor Diode , the Ge diode
is connected in reversed baised and there is low flow
of current in diode . When the energy given to
Germanium semiconductor The electron jumps from
valance band to conduction band and current will
produce .
Giving more and more temperature the current will
produce more .
 OBSERVATIONS
Table no 1.
t =Room temp. T1 = 35 T2= 40 T3=45 T4=50 T5=55
31
Vr Ir Vr Ir Vr Ir Vr Ir Vr Ir Vr Ir
V um V um V um V um V um V um
0.1 3.0 0.1 4.3 0.1 6.9 0.1 11.2 0.1 16.0 0.1 23.8
0.2 3.1 0.2 4.3 0.2 6.9 0.2 11.5 0.2 16.9 0.2 25.4
0.4 3.2 0.4 4.5 0.4 7.0 0.4 11.5 0.4 17.1 0.4 25.7
0.6 3.2 0.6 4.5 0.6 7.0 0.6 11.5 0.6 17.3 0.6 25.9
0.8 3.2 0.8 4.5 0.8 7.1 0.8 11.5 0.8 17.4 0.8 26.6
1.0 3.2 1.0 4.5 1.0 7.2 1.0 11.6 1.0 17.5 1.0 27.2
2.0 3.3 2.0 4.6 2.0 7.4 2.0 11.7 2.0 17.6 2.0 27.2
3.0 3.4 3.0 4.7 3.0 7.6 3.0 11.8 3.0 17.9 3.0 27.3
4. 0 3.6 4 .0 4.8 4.0 7.8 4.0 11.9 4.0 18.2 4.0 27.3
5 .0 3.7 5.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 12.0 5.0 19.1 5.0 27.4
 TABLE NO 2 .
Obs. No t T= 273+t Is Is/t.t Log Is/t.t Log Is/t.t + 1/T
11
Degree c k Micro A A/k^2 1/k

1 Room 304.6 3 3.2 *10^- Log3.2*10 0.505 3.28*10^-3

temp. 11 ^-11
2 35 308 4.4 4.6*10^-11 Log4.6*10 0.66 3.24*10^-3
^-11
3 40 330 6.8 6.94*10^- Log6.94*10 0.84 3.19*10^-3
11 ^-11
4 45 318 11.2 11*10^-11 Log11*10^ 1.04 3.14*10^-3
-11
5 50 323 17 16.2*10^- Log16.2*10 1.21 3.09*10^-3
11 ^-11
6 55 328 27 25*10^-11 Log 1.39 3.04*10^-3
25*10^-11
 The energy band gap of the
Germanium Semiconductor is Eg

Eg = 2.303 k | slope |

Energy gap of Ge is = 0.67ev