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 There are variety of organisms like viruses, bacteria, lower

forms of plants and animals. These organisms are not


visible to the naked eye but are visible under a microscope.

 Anton van Leeuwen hoek invented the micro organisms.


 Cell is the basic unit of an organism.

 Robert Hooke discovered the cell.

 A cell is made up of a colourless jelly-like substance


called PROTOPLASM. It is enclosed by a membrane called
the CELL MEMBRANE or PLASMA MEMBRANE. Each cell
contains a NUCLEUS and CYTOPLASM. Cells are of various
shapes and sizes.
 The cytoplasm shows small ribosomes
but organelles like mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum and golgi
complex are absent. A cell with this
pattern of structure is called a
PROKARYOTIC CELL and the organism
that possesses this type of a cell is
called a PROKARYOTE. Prokaryotic cells
are seen in bacteria, cyanobacteria
and mycoplasmas.
 The word prokaryote is derived from
two Greek words:
 Pro and karyon Pro means first or
primitive and Karyon means nucleus.
 Cytoplasm shows large
ribosomes and organelles like
mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum and golgi complex. A
cell with this pattern of
structure is called a EUKARYOTIC
CELL and the organism that
possesses this type of cell is
called a EUKARYOTE.
 The word eukaryote is derived
from two Greek words:
 Eu and Karyon. Eu means true
and karyon means nucleus.
 Controls and co-ordinates all the
Nucleus activities of the cell.

 Helps in producing energy from


Mitochondrion food.

 Helps in protein synthesis.


Ribosome
 Helps in cell division.
Centriole

 Stores wastes, secretions and


reserve food products produced
Vacuole in the cells.

 It transports substances from


Endoplasmic one part of the cell to the other
reticulum and from one cell to another.
 It helps in the secretion of
chemicals required for cellular
activities.
Golgi complex

 Helps in the digestion of


Lysosome organic substances present in
the cell.
Sl. Feature Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
No.
1. Nature of nucleus Primitive or incipient, True nucleus with a
without a nuclear definite nuclear
membrane membrane
2. Genetic material Represented by naked Organized into
DNA definite
chromosomes
3. Cell organelles like Absent Present
mitochondria, golgi
complex, endoplasmic
reticulum
4. Ribosomes Small Large
 Organisms may be made up of a
single cell or many cells. If the
body of organisms consists of
only one cell, then such
organisms are called
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS.

Unicellular organisms include


Bacteria, certain Algae such as
Chlorella, Protozoans such as
Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium,
etc.
 There are organisms whose
boby is made up of many cells.
Such organisms are called
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS.

They can be either Hydra like


micro scopic organism or
large in size.
CELL It is a tiny basic unit of an
organism.

TISSUE A tissue is a group of cells


with similar structure and
function.
ORGAN It is a combination of
different types of tissues
which performs a specific
function.
ORGAN It is a combination of
SYSTEM different organs which
work together to carry out
a particular function.
ORGANISM Manu systems work
together in our body to
carry out the life
processes.

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