There are variety of organisms like viruses, bacteria, lower
forms of plants and animals. These organisms are not
visible to the naked eye but are visible under a microscope.
Anton van Leeuwen hoek invented the micro organisms.
Cell is the basic unit of an organism.
Robert Hooke discovered the cell.
A cell is made up of a colourless jelly-like substance
called PROTOPLASM. It is enclosed by a membrane called the CELL MEMBRANE or PLASMA MEMBRANE. Each cell contains a NUCLEUS and CYTOPLASM. Cells are of various shapes and sizes. The cytoplasm shows small ribosomes but organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex are absent. A cell with this pattern of structure is called a PROKARYOTIC CELL and the organism that possesses this type of a cell is called a PROKARYOTE. Prokaryotic cells are seen in bacteria, cyanobacteria and mycoplasmas. The word prokaryote is derived from two Greek words: Pro and karyon Pro means first or primitive and Karyon means nucleus. Cytoplasm shows large ribosomes and organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex. A cell with this pattern of structure is called a EUKARYOTIC CELL and the organism that possesses this type of cell is called a EUKARYOTE. The word eukaryote is derived from two Greek words: Eu and Karyon. Eu means true and karyon means nucleus. Controls and co-ordinates all the Nucleus activities of the cell.
Helps in producing energy from
Mitochondrion food.
Helps in protein synthesis.
Ribosome Helps in cell division. Centriole
Stores wastes, secretions and
reserve food products produced Vacuole in the cells.
It transports substances from
Endoplasmic one part of the cell to the other reticulum and from one cell to another. It helps in the secretion of chemicals required for cellular activities. Golgi complex
Helps in the digestion of
Lysosome organic substances present in the cell. Sl. Feature Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell No. 1. Nature of nucleus Primitive or incipient, True nucleus with a without a nuclear definite nuclear membrane membrane 2. Genetic material Represented by naked Organized into DNA definite chromosomes 3. Cell organelles like Absent Present mitochondria, golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum 4. Ribosomes Small Large Organisms may be made up of a single cell or many cells. If the body of organisms consists of only one cell, then such organisms are called UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS.
Unicellular organisms include
Bacteria, certain Algae such as Chlorella, Protozoans such as Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium, etc. There are organisms whose boby is made up of many cells. Such organisms are called MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS.
They can be either Hydra like
micro scopic organism or large in size. CELL It is a tiny basic unit of an organism.
TISSUE A tissue is a group of cells
with similar structure and function. ORGAN It is a combination of different types of tissues which performs a specific function. ORGAN It is a combination of SYSTEM different organs which work together to carry out a particular function. ORGANISM Manu systems work together in our body to carry out the life processes.