• Familiarity with at least one computer simulation software and basic modeling
approaches.
• Goal #2: To prepare the students to conduct research or help them to improve and/or
develop their research skills.
• You will have to carry out a project throughout the semester which mimics a research
work that you would do for a conference.
• Homework assignments tend to be more intense than what you were used to have in
undergraduate courses, but you will have about 2 weeks to complete it.
• You will receive minimal guidance to answer the questions ask in your homework
assignments. This is done on purpose in order to help you develop your research skills.
• In most homework problems the process you take to answer the questions being ask is
more important that the end numerical result. So be sure to explain clearly your train of
thoughts.
Grading:
Homework: 25%
Project preliminary evaluation: 15%
Project report: 30%
Presentation: 20%
Class participation: 10%
Letter grades assignment: 100% – 96% = “A+”, 95% – 91% = A, 90% – 86% = A-, 85%
– 81% = B+, and so on.
Homework:
• Homework will be assigned approximately every 2 weeks.
• The lowest score for an assignment will not be considered to calculate the homework
total score. However, all assignments need to be submitted in order to obtain a grade
for the homework.
Project:
• The class includes a project that will require successful students to survey current
literature.
• The project consists of carrying out a short research project throughout the course.
• The students need to identify some advanced topic in power electronics.
• The project is divided in two phases:
Preliminary phase. Due date: Sept. 30. Submission of references, application
description, and problem formulation (1 to 2 pages long).
Final phase. Due date: Nov. 25. Submission of a short paper (the report), at
most 10 pages long, single column.
Presentations:
• Each and every student is expected to participate in the final presentation discussing
their project to the rest of the class as if it were a conference presentation of a paper.
• The format of the presentations will be announced during the semester.
• The presentation of the course project to the rest of the class replaces the final exam.
• Presentations are scheduled during regular class times on the last week of classes.
• When I cannot be present either I will teach the class remotely or the TA will
teach the class
• Already confirmed lost classes are:
• Sept. 18: ECCE (may be Wednesday only)
• Week of Oct. 14: INTELEC 2013
http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys213/lectures/niagara/niagara.html
• Existing grid not suitable for dc loads (e.g., computers) or to operate induction
motors at different speeds. Power electronics allows varying speeds in
induction motors and to feed dc loads.
• Power electronics is the one single technology that Edison needed in the late
1800s.
13 © Alexis Kwasinski, 2013
Power electronic applications
• Dynamic:
• Variable speed drives in industries
• Arguably for wind generation
• Electric and hybrid electric cars (and other transportation
applications)
• Stationary:
• UPS
• Energy storage integration
• Information and communication technologies power plants
• Power supplies
• Solar power
• Micro-grids
•
•
•
• Boost converter
E
Vo
1 D
• Buck-boost converter
DE
Vo
1 D
v
v v
t
t t
Rectifier Filter
• dc to ac conversion
• Several control techniques. The simplest technique is square wave
modulation (seen below).
•The most widespread control technique is Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM).
L
C
•Steady state:
• In between steady states there are transient periods,
• E.g. inductor: 1 2
WL Li
2
1 T 1 T L
vL (t )
T 0
v L (t ) dt
T 0
Ldi
T
(i (T ) i (0))
vL (t ) 0
• Likewise, the average current through a capacitor operating in periodic steady state is
zero.
iC (t ) 0
• If you look close and for a short time interval, exponentials look like lines
2
t
et 1 t
for small t
et 1 t
2
24 © Alexis Kwasinski, 2013
Power electronics basic concepts
• Switch matrix
• It is a very useful tool to represent a power electronics circuit operation
and to related (input) variables and (output) signals.
• Analysis with a switch matrix involves:
• 1) Identify and define all possible states. States are defined based on
all possible combinations of the switches in the matrix. Switches have
two possible states: ON (1) or OFF (0).
• 2) For each possible state relate (output) signals to (input) variables
by taken into consideration the time at each state (i.e. the portion of the
time with respect to the switching period).
• 3) Combine the previous relationship in order to calculate average
values for the (output) signals.
+ -
1 T
a0 f (t )dt
T
2 T
an f (t )cos(nt )dt
T
2 T
bn f (t )sin(nt )dt
T
bn
a0 c0 (dc components) cn a b 2 2 n tan
1
n n
an
T 0 2 n1 n 1 n 0
• Instantaneous power
p(t ) v(t )i(t )
• (Average) power
1 T Vn I n
P v(t )i (t )dt V0 I 0 cos(Vn In )
T
n 1 2
n
c 2
THD n2
c12
30 © Alexis Kwasinski, 2013
Power electronics basics
• Additional definitions
T
• Power factor
p. f
Average Power
0
p(t )dt 1
T
• Line regulation
VOUT (Highest input ) VOUT (Lowest input )
LiR(%) 100
VOUT ( Nominal)
• Load regulation