&
Improvement
Professor Winfred S William
Xavier Institute of Management
Bhubaneswar
What is a Process
Distance
Operation
Transport
Description
Storage
Inspect
(feet)
(min)
Time
Delay
Step
of
process
Process Maps
– A visual model
of a process
2-9
Flowchart of the Process Showing
Handoffs Between Departments
To Accompany
“Baseline” Time-Function Map
Order Receive
Customer product product
Process
Sales order
Order
Production Wait
control
Product
Order
Plant A Print
Product
WIP
Product
WIP
WIP
WIP
Plant B Extrude
Process
Sales order
Product
Order
Production
control Wait
Order
WIP
Plant Print Extrude
Product
Warehouse Wait
Product
Transport Move
Request Receive
Work Permit physical WP
Save employee
HR Officer
Company
data on disk
Physical
WP
Upload data at
Receive
Labour Office Pay WP fee
payment receipt
Computer Department
Issue
Labour Office
Data OK
physical WP
Employee
WP
WP Check
Payment Data incorrect
Fee Employe Correct
receipt
e empl. data
data
Branch Officer
Bank
Receive payment
and return receipt
Copyright e-Government
Program (Yesser)
Basic Process Vocabulary
Little’s Law
– Relates number of items in the system to arrival rate
and length of time in the system
– Formula:
I=TxR
I = average number of things in the system
T = average throughput time
R = average flow rate into the process
Assumes system is in a ‘steady state’
Inventory - Flowtime on
Cumulative Inflow and Outflow graphs
Patients
at the
radiology 11 Cumulative
10 Inflow
9
8 Cumulative
7 Outflow
Flow Time
6 Patient Patient
Inventory Arrival Departure
5
4
3
2
1
0 Inventory=Cumulative Inflow – Cumulative Outflow
10/minute
Spend 1 minute
21
Value-Stream Mapping
Mon.
+ Wed.
300 pieces
Truck Supermarket Buffer or 1 Day
Shipment Safety Stock Inventory
max. 20 pieces
Finished
Goods to FIFO Physical
Customer First-In-First-Out Pull/Withdrawal
Sequence Flow
PUSH
Arrow
24
Information Flow Icons
Manual Electronic
Information Information Signal
Flow Flow Kanban
General Icons
Operator
25
Value-Stream Mapping
Figure 7.5
Process Analysis / Evaluation
Questioning Technique
The questioning technique is the means by
which the critical examination is conducted, each
activity being subjected in turn to a systematic
and progressive series of questions.
PRIMARY QUESTIONS
VISIO (MSOFFICE)
Process Maker (www.processmaker.com)
SmartDraw (www.smartdraw.com)
www.interfacing.com
Thank you