HVAC

SHORT FOR HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING. THE SYSTEM IS USED TO
PROVIDE HEATING ANDINGS. HVAC SD COOLING SERVICES TO BUILYSTEMS HAVE
BECOME THE REQUIRED INDUSTRY STANDARD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW BUILDINGS.
 Introduction to HVAC

 Heating : is process of increasing the temperature of the substance

or a body or thermodynamic system heating system are design for
colder climates system.
- Designing the system for cold climate.
 Cooling : is process of decreasing temperature of the substance or
body
- Designing the system for warmer or hot climate.
 Ventilation - is the process to maintains the indoor air quality
- extraction of air (exhaust + fresh air)
 Air Conditioning - condition the air to provide human comfort by
maintaining artificial temp, relative humidity, purifying the air
through filter, noise level & by providing fresh air to improve indoor
air quality.
- Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties
 PRINCIPAL OF AC SYSTEM

 Oxygen supply
 Heat removal
 Moisture removal
 Air motion
 Purify of air
 The goal is to keep it more comfortable inside the house than it is
outside
 Human comfort conditions

 Relative humidity 50%

 Temp 24.4 degree celcius . 76 degree F.
 Dust Filtration -fr
 Noise criteria
 Smell/odor
 This human comfort is define by AHSRAE
 American society for heating refrigeration and air condition
engineering
 Vapour compression cycle

 Most common refrigeration cycle

in use today

 There are four principal control

volumes involving these
components:
Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser
Expansion valve
 Properties of Air
 Dry air : it is the mixture nitrogen and oxygen neglecting small percentage
of other gases.
 Dry bulb temperature : it is the temperature of air measured by
thermometer
 Wet bulb temperature : it is the temperature of air measured by a
thermometer whose bulb is covered with a wet wick or cloth and kept in
current of moving air
 Dew point temperature (change of phase): it is the temperature of the air
when it is fully saturated and the moisture condenses on a surface.
 Relative humidity : it is the ratio of the actual moisture present in the air to
the maximum moisture the air can hold
 Humidity ratio : describes the actual weight of water in an air-water vapour
mixture also humidity ratio can be expressed as grains of moisture per
pound of dry air
 Types of A/C

 Window A/C

- Window air conditioners are one of the cheapest type of air conditioners
- To install one of these units, you need the space to make slot in the wall,
and there should also be some open space behind the wall

 Split A/C

- the split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the
indoor unit.
- the outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the
compressor, condenser and expansion valve.
- the indoor unit comprise the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling
fan. For this unit you don't have to make any slot in the wall of the room
 Package A/C
 the window and split air conditioners are usually used for the
small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons.
 the central air conditioning systems are used for where the
cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons.
 the package air conditioners are used for the cooling
capacities in between these two extremes.
 the package air conditioners are available in the fixed rated
capacities of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 tons.
 these units are used to commonly in places like restaurants,
telephone exchanges, homes, small halls, etc.
 Central A/C
 the central air condtioning plants or the systems are used
when large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping
malls etc., are to be air conditioned completely
Window A/C
Split A/C
Package A/C
VRF / VRV
Central A/C
 Brand names of AC
 Carrier  Haier
 Trane  LG
 Lennox  Diakin
 Goodman  Panasonic
 Rheem  Samsung
 York  Eletrolux
 Maytag and Westinghouse  Hitachi
 Day and Night  Voltas
 Mitsubishi  Blue Star
 Bryant  Sharp
 Midea
 Whirlpool
Floor Area(in square meter) / AC
unit size (horsepower)
 10.5sqm: 0.5 hp
 11 to 14sqm: 0.75 hp
 15 to 21sqm: 1.0 hp
 22 to 25sqm: 1.5 hp
 26 to 28sqm: 2.0 hp
 39 t0 48sqm: 2.5 hp