Cell Structure and

it’s Function
 Cell

• Basic structural unit of an organism

• A human body has a trillions of cells, which vary
shapes and sizes
 Cell Theory
• All living things are made of one or more cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life
• All cells come from other cells
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Cells
 Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and have a “true” nucleus,
membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped chromosomes.
• The nucleus houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and
ribosomes.
• Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production; the endoplasmic reticulum
modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids; and the golgi apparatus is where the
sorting of lipids and proteins takes place.
• Peroxisomes carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino
acids and detoxify poisons; vesicles and vacuoles function in storage and transport.
• Animal cells have a centrosome and lysosomes while plant cells do not.
• Plant cells have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and other
specialized plastids, whereas animal cells do not.
 Prokaryotic Cells
• Only the single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and
Archaea are classified as prokaryotes.

• Pro means Before and kary means nucleus.

 Components of prokaryotic cells
• The plasma membrane is an outer covering that separates the
cell’s interior from its surrounding environment.
• Cytoplasm consists of the jelly-like cytosol inside the cell, plus
the cellular structures suspended in it. In eukaryotes,
cytoplasm specifically means the region outside the nucleus
but inside the plasma membrane.
• DNA is the genetic material of the cell.
• Ribosome's are molecular machines that synthesize proteins.
 Components of prokaryotic cells

• Nucleoid an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that

contains all or most of the genetic material, called gonophores.
 Components of prokaryotic cells
• Fimbriae are numerous, hair-like structures that are
used for attachment to host cells and other surfaces.
• Flagellum
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