Mass balance & Energy

Balance
A smoking lounge is to accommodate 15 heavy smokers. The minimum fresh air requirement for smoking lounges is
specified to be 30 L/s per person (ASHRAE, Standard 62, 1989). Determine the minimum required flow rate of fresh air
that needs to be supplied to the lounge, and the diameter of the duct if the air velocity is not to exceed 8 m/s.

(a) Volume flow rate (m3/s)

(b) Diameter (meters)

(a) 0.45 m3/s

(b) 0.2676 m
Steam enters a nozzle at 400C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at
300C and 200 kPa while losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet area of 800 cm2,
determine the velocity and the volume flow rate of the steam at the nozzle exit.

(a) Velocity at the exit(m/s) From steam table

(b) Volume flow rate (m3/s)
h1=3267.7 kJ/kg
v1=0.39429 m3/kg h2=3072.1 kJ/kg
v2=1.3163 m3/kg

(a) 606.0378 m/s

(b) 2.74 m3/s
The power output of an adiabatic steam turbine is 5 MW, and the inlet and From steam table
the exit conditions of the steam are as indicated h1=3248.4 kJ/kg

(a) Compare the magnitudes of Δh, Δke, and Δpe. (kJ/kg)

(b) Determine the work done per unit mass of the steam flowing through the
turbine. (kJ/kg)
(c) Calculate the mass flow rate of the steam. (kg/s)

Answers
(a) Δh=-887.39 kJ/kg, Δke=14.95 kJ/kg, Δpe= -0.0392 kJ/kg
(b) w= 872.4792 kJ/kg
(c) m= 5.7308 kg/s

h2=2361.01 kJ/kg
Air enters the compressor of a gas-turbine plant at ambient conditions of 100 kPa and 25C with a low velocity
and exits at 1 MPa and 347C with a velocity of 90 m/s. The compressor is cooled at a rate of 1500 kJ/min, and the
power input to the compressor is 250 kW. Determine the mass flow rate of air through the compressor.

(a) m = 0.6738 kg/s

h2= 628.07 kJ/kg

h1=298.2 kJ/kg
Steam is supplied to a fully loaded 100-hp turbine at 200 psia with u1 = 1163.3 Btu/lb, v1 = 2.65 ft3/lb
and ʋ1 = 400 ft/s. Exhaust is at 1 psia with u2 = 925 BTU/lb, v2 = 294 ft3/lb and ʋ2 = 1100 ft/s.
The heat loss from the steam in the turbine is 10 Btu/lb.
Neglect potential energy change and determine (a) the work per lb steam and (b) the steam flow rate in lb/h

u1 = 1163.3 Btu/lb
v1 = 2.65 ft3/lb
(a) w = 251.0076 Btu/lb p1= 200 psia
(b) m = 1013.5153 lb/hr ʋ1 = 400 ft/s

Wout= 100 hp

Qreject= 10 Btu/lb

u2 = 925 BTU/lb
v2 = 294 ft3/lb
p2= 1 psia
ʋ2 = 1100 ft/s