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This document discusses cells as the basic unit of life. It outlines cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest functional units of life, and cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as differences between plant and animal cells such as the presence of organelles, cell walls, and chloroplasts. Key cellular structures like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane are also explained.
This document discusses cells as the basic unit of life. It outlines cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest functional units of life, and cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as differences between plant and animal cells such as the presence of organelles, cell walls, and chloroplasts. Key cellular structures like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane are also explained.
This document discusses cells as the basic unit of life. It outlines cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest functional units of life, and cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as differences between plant and animal cells such as the presence of organelles, cell walls, and chloroplasts. Key cellular structures like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and cell membrane are also explained.
living cells are the basic unit of life, a living organism cannot be formed without cells Robert Hooke Matthias Scledein Rodulf Virchow Theodor Schwann CELL THEORY 3 main ideas: 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. 3. Cells come from other cells there are two types of cell: • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic Prokaryotic cells are Eukaryotic cells are the simplest cell type. present in higher This type of cells are forms of life. These single celled cell cells have a distinct bound nucleus and has more membrane bound organelles. DIFFERENCE OF ANIMAL CELL AND PLANT CELLS PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CELLS • Plant cells contain a • Animal celels have variety of membrane- centriole which aids in bound structures mitosis which is not called organelles. present in plants. • Plant cells also contain chloroplasts that • Animal cells typically capture energy from contains several types sunlight and a single of membrane-bound fluid-filled vacuole that organelles stores compounds and helps in plant growth. • Plant cells have cell walls • Plant cells have bigger vacoules PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL • NUCLEUS It is like the brain of the cell. it regulates organelle activity within the cell and houses the genetic material of a cell. • CYTOPLASM This houses the cell organelles. It is the site where most cellular activities occur • CELL MEMBRANE It controls what comes in and out. This acts as a barrier between the cytoplasm and the outside environment of the cells. • MITOCHONDRIA This is called the power house of the cell. It takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and create energy for the cell. • GOLGI APPARATUS It is the main protein packaging system of cell. It modifies proteins from ribosomes and ships them to their destination within the cell. • CYTOSKELETETON Maintains the cell’s shape. It is also responsible for maintaining other organelles position within the cell. • CELL WALLS Sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell. It provides the cells with structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. • CHLOROPLAST An organelle containing chlorophyll which captures light energy to make organic molecules in a complex set of processes called photosynthesis. • VACOULE They are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution. • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM These are the extensive network of channels that account for half of cell’s membranes. • LYSOSOME It functions as the digestive organelle. • RIBOSOMES They are the protein factories of cell. LIFE WITHOUT CELLS? • Viruses are infectious agents consisting of a nucleus of genetic material inside a coating bundle of protein, called a capsid. They can replicate only within a host cell; when the capsid lacks a host, it is metabolically inert. Because non-cellular viruses can’t reproduce on their own and aren't made of cells themselves, most scientists consider them less than alive.