Penyakit Jantung
dan Pembuluh
Darah
Kelompok 4
Annisa Mustika Arum
Isra Hafira
M. Anandia Arifka
Qorry Aquino
Vany Novriyanti
Gagal Jantung
1
Penyebab
Proses Penuaan
Hipertensi
Kontrol tekanan darah tinggi dan
tingkat kolesterol tinggi. Makan
makanan rendah lemak, rendah
garam, dan rendah kolesterol.
Penatalaksanaan Turunkan berat badan bila memiliki
Gizi berat badan berlebih. Mulailah
menerapkan pola hidup sehat seperti
olahraga dan diet makanan yang baik
bagi kesehatan jantung guna
menurunkan kolesterol dan tekanan
darah, serta untuk mencegah
serangan jantung dan gagal jantung.
DIAGNOSIS
Pengobatan
Penyakit katup jantung dapat
didiagnosis berdasarkan gejala
yang muncul dan setelah pasien Asparagus
menjalani tes fisik yang serupa
Avokad
dengan pemeriksaan pada
penderita penyakit jantung. Brokoli
Pemeriksaan fisik dilakukan dengan
Ikan
cara mendengarkan suara detak
jantung yang tidak normal pada Bayam
saat pemeriksaan dengan
Tomat
stetoskop (bising atau murmur
jantung) atau irama jantung yang Kacang-Kacangan
tidak beraturan, serta
Sayuran Hijau
memperkirakan ukuran jantung.
Penyakit jantung bawaan atau
congenital heart disease adalah
JANTUNG kelainan pada struktur jantung yang
dialami sejak lahir. Kondisi ini dapat
BAWAAN mengakibatkan gangguan pada aliran
darah dari dan ke jantung, baik yang
Tergolong ringan ataupun kompleks.
GenetikaPENYEBAB
Alkohol
Diabetes
Merokok
Obat-obatan
PATOFISIOLOGI
terjadi hubungan antara rongga-ronga jantung yang bertekanan tinggi
dengan rongga-rongga jantung yang bertekanan rendah akan terjadi
aliran darah dari rongga jantung yang bertekanan tinggi ke bertekanan
rendah.
Sebaliknya tekanan rongga jantung kanan akan lebih tinggi dari tekanan
rongga jantung kiri sehingga darah dari ventrikel kanan yang kurang
akan oksigen mengalir melalui defek tersebut ke ventrikel kiri yang kaya
akan oksigen,keadaan ini disebut dengan pirau (shunt) kanan ke kiri
Berat Badan
Menurun
Tidak Nafsu
Makan Detak jantung
tidak beraturan
Kesulitan
Berolahraga
Mudah Lelah
Mengeluarkan
keringat
berlebihan
Istirahat, dimana kerja jantung tidak normal
harus dikurangi beberapa kegiatan seperti
bedres total dan diet yang diberikan pada
anak, makanan yang lunak dan rendah garam
sesuai kebutuhan.
Penatalaksanaan Gizi
Pencegahan,
Pengobatan
Pencegahan Pengobatan
• Berolahraga secara rutin • Makanan yang rendah lemak (susu
• Menjaga aktivitas fisik agar tidak dan yoghurt)
mudah lelah • Makanan mengandung protein
• Mengatur pola makan nabati (kacang kedelai,tahu dan
tempe,kentang dan ubi rebus,sayur
• Makan makanan yang sehat bayam,buah alpukat,brokoli)
• Makanan yang mengandung omega-
3 (ikan salmon,ikan tuna,ikan
teri,kuning telur)
Angina pectoris
Gelisah
Mual GEJALA
Spasme pembuluh
koroner
3 4 Latihan fisik
Berhenti
Sesuaikan BB 3 4 merokok
Pencegahan dan Pengobatan
Pencegahan Pengobatan
• Berhenti merokok
• Berolahraga secara rutin • Mengonsumsi makanan rendah lemak dan tinggi serat,
• Menjaga pola makan seperti nasi merah, roti, pasta, sayur-sayuran, dan buah-
• buahan.
Menjaga aktifitas fisik • Mengurangi makanan tinggi lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh
• Menjaga makanan yang seperti sosis, daging berlemak, pai daging, mentega, keju,
baik lemak babi, ikan goreng, alpukat, kue, biskuit, serta
makanan-makanan yang mengandung minyak kelapa
murni, kelapa sawit, atau minyak zaitun.
• Mengurangi konsumsi garam
• Menjaga BB
• Melakukan olahraga ringan seperti jalan cepat, berenang,
atau bersepeda secara rutin atau sesuai saran dokter.
Hindari olahraga yang menguras tenaga, seperti tenis atau
sepak bola.
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