Bronchiectasis

Definition
Bronchialasis is dilation or dilatation of local and permanent bronchus
as a result of damage to the wall structure
Epidemiology
Data at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya bronchiectasis was the seventh
largest abnormality of inpatients during the period 1979-1985 and
number six in 1987 and decreased again at number seven in 1990.
Bronchiectasis was obtained in 221 of 11,081 (1.01%) patients.
Etiology
• bacterial infections, fungi, viruses
• bronchial obstruction
• cystic fibrosis
• young syndrome
• state of immunodeficiency
• congenital anatomical defects
Clinical Manifestation
• Productive cough
• Hemoptysis
• Clubbing fingers
Diagnosis

Physical examination Supporting investigation

Patients appear to be malnourished, • Chest X-ray
anemic, dyspnoea, occasionally
cyanosis and frequent fingers on the • bronchography
hands and feet. Present wet jaws in
the pulmonary inferior lobe are often • ct scan
very important disorders. The • lab examination
symptoms are more clearly heard
when the examination is done before • blood culture
and after the postural drainage
position and the patient is told to • blood analysis
cough. • sputum
Differential Diagnosis
• Chronic bronchitis
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis
• Lung abscess
• Lung Tumor
Management
• conservative: appropriate antibiotic, postural drainage /
physiotherapy, mucolytics / expectorants
• supportive: improving the general state, psychotherapy
• surgery: bronchial resection / broken branch of the bronchus
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on the cause, location, extent, process, drajat
disruption of lung physiology and complications. Proper use of
antibiotics and surgical action greatly affects the prognosis. No
treatment of ectopic patients can rarely live beyond the age of 10-15
years. Most people die at age less than 40 years because of
complications.
Complications
Bronchiectasis complications include chronic bronchitis, pneumonia
with or without atelectasis, pleuritis, pleural effusion or empyema,
metastatic abscess in the brain, haemoptysis, sinusitis, chronic
pulmonary cores, respiratory failure, and amyloidosis.