IONIC BOND

Report by: Catingub, Shannelien &

Tenedero, Patrick
TERMS TO BE REMEMBERED:
• Elements – are substances whose atoms all
have the same number of protons.
• Compounds – is a substance formed when two
or more elements are chemically bonded
together.
• Chemical Bond – is a strong attractive force
that bonds two or more elements together.
• Ionic Bond – is a type of chemical bond in
which there is transferring of electrons from
one atom to another.
TERMS TO BE REMEMBERED:
• Ionic Compound – is a compound produced by
a chemical bond; is made up of Ions.
• Ions – are atoms that gain or lose electrons,
giving them either a positive or negative
charge.
• Cation – positively charged ions.
• Anion – negatively charged ions.
 How ions achieve or gains charges:

You can know the charge of an electron by

looking at its electron configuration. For
example, look at the element at the lower right.

Sodium: 1s22s22p63s1
The element sodium has an
excess of 1 electron as stated
in its electron configuration.
Let’s say the element sodium is to have a
chemical bond with the element Chlorine.

Chlorine : 1s22s22p63s23p5

As you can see, the element

chlorine is missing one electron
in order to achieve the
Octet rule.
• In conclusion, the element sodium will be the
one giving its excess electron (which makes it
a cation), and the element chlorine will be the
one gaining another electron (making it a
anion).
• The charge of the Sodium Ion will be 1+ while
the charge of the Chlorine Ion will be 1-.
Na Ion Cl Ion
= No. of Protons: 11 = No. of Protons: 17
= No. of Electrons: 10 = No. of Electrons: 18
 Formation of Ionic Compounds
• Let’s still use the previous example.
Since you already know the charges of the
elements Sodium and Chlorine, it is now the
time to combine the two in order to create a
new (ionic) compound.
Sodium (Na)  ionization energy  Na+
Chlorine (Cl)  electron affinity  Cl-
Na and Cl creates a compound called NaCl,
which is table salt in familiar terms.
The terms used in the other slide:
• Ionization Energy
Is the energy needed to remove an
electron from a neutral atom. The energy
gradually increases starting from left to right.
• Electron Affinity
Is a measure of how much energy is
released when an electron is gained by a
certain atom.
 Ionization
Energy Table


Electron
Affinity Table

 Formation of Ionic Compounds
• The ion of Sodium and Chlorine had combined
because the ion of sodium is positive and the
iod of chlorine is negative, making it attract
each other.
• The bond these 2 had done is called ionic
bond.
• This type of bond is formed by the
combination of metals and non-metals.
• This kind of bond is usually common in Group
1A, 2A, 3A and the elements in Group 6A and
7A.
 Chemical formulation and name of
Ionic Compounds

• Ionic compounds are compounds made up of

ions (charged particles).
• Ionic compounds are poor conductors, but
when it is dissolved in water, these
compounds can easily conduct electricity since
the ions are free to move and carry the
charge.
• Compounds can be represented through a chemical
formula.
• A chemical formula is a shortcut in writing the name
of an element through symbols (elements) and
subscripts (# of atoms).
• Writing Chemical Formula:
- Write the cation before the anion.
- Write their respective charges (positive/negative)
- Put the 2 together in a crisscross method.
- Reduce the subscripts to the greatest common
factor if possible.
 EXAMPLE:
Lithium (Li+) reacting to Oxygen (O2-)

Li1+ O2

Li2O1
Lithium Oxide (w/2 lithium atoms)
Binary Compound
 Polyatomic Ions
• The elements we had combined in the
previous slide is called a binary compound, for
it is a combination between 2 elements.
• There are also compounds that is made up of
3 different elements. These compounds are
called the Ternary compounds.
• Ternary compounds consist of one metallic
cation and one polyatomic anion.
 Chemical Formulation
(for ternary compounds)

Ions OH - CO3 2- PO4 3-

Li+ LiOH Li2(CO3) Li3(PO4)

Ca2+ CaOH2 Ca2(CO3)2 Ca3(PO4)2

or CaCo3
Al3+ AlOH3 Al2(Co3)3 Al3(PO4)3
or AlPO4
NH4+ NH4OH (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)3PO4
 Naming Binary and Ternary
Compounds
• Naming Binary • Naming Ternary
compounds compounds
- Name the cation. - Name the cation.
- Name the anion with - Name the Polyatomic
its suffix being –ide. Ion
Example : Example :
NaCl = Sodium NaOH = Sodium
Chloride Hydroxide
SnCl2 = Tin (II)
Pb(NO3)4 = Lead (IV)
Chloride
Nitrate
 STOCK SYSTEM
• Is the system used in naming ions with
different number of charges.
• Uses roman numerals enclosed inside a
parenthesis right after the element’s name.
• Used because some elements are said to have
more than 1 ion or variable oxidation number.
• The table on the next slide shows the different
ions and their names.
Ions Ion Name
Cr2+ Chromium (I)
Cr3+ Chromium (II)
Fe2+ Iron (II)
Fe3+ Iron (III)
Pb2+ Lead (II)
Pb4+ Lead (IV)
Au+ Gold (I)
Au3+ Gold (III)
Cu+ Copper (II)
Cu2+ Copper (III)
Mn2+ Manganese (II)
Mn3+ Manganese (III)
Sn2+ Tin (II)
Sn4+ Tin (IV)
Co2+ Cobalt (II)
Co3+ Cobalt (III)
 Important Ions and Ionic
Compounds
• Ions are needed for plants and animals to
perform cellular activities inside the body.
• The body ions (electrolytes) are needed for
the activation of the nervous system.
• The tables on the next slide shows some of
the important ions and ionic compounds.
Ion Function
Na+ Controls and regulates bodily fluids.
K+ Controls and regulates bodily fluids particularly the osmotic balance of the
kidneys.

Ca2+ Component of bones and teeth; essential for muscle contraction.

Mg2+ Components of chlorophyll; plays assisting role in metabolic functions.

Cl- Most abundant anion; necessary in gastric juices

Ionic compound Functions

NaNO3 (Sodium Nitrate)
CaF2 (Calcium Fluoride)
AgBr and AgCl (Silver Halides)
NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)
Used as meat preservative.
Component of toothpaste; helps prevent tooth decay.
Used in the photographic industry to make films for
capturing images; light sensitive ingredient used in
photographic film.
Used in manufacturing soaps.
One of the most used compounds in engineering
processes like in the making of airplanes due to its
light weight.