(x , y , z) by ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) in S i.e 1
or
If S x 2
y 2
z 2
2ux 2vy 2wz d 0
x2 y2 z2 r2
x 2 y 2 z 2 2u2 x 2v2 y 2 w2 d 2 0
May cut orthogonally.
Families of spheres. We know that the general
equation of a sphere is
x 2 y 2 z 2 2ux 2vy 2wz d 0
Where u ,v , w and d can have any values with the only
restriction u 2 v 2 w2 d 0
• These four constant can be chosen so that the
resulting sphere satisfies four given conditions. In
other words, a sphere is in general, determined by
four conditions, Below are some examples of forms
which these conditions can take.
(1) The sphere passes through a given point.
(2) The sphere touches a given plane or a given line
(3) the sphere has a given radius
(4) the centre of the sphere lies on a given line or on a
given plane.
Radical Plane: the locus of a point whose powers w .r .t
. Two non-concentric sphere are equal is a plane
called the radical plane of the two spheres.
• Theorem : To find the equation of the radical plane
of the two non concentric spheres.
S x 2 y 2 z 2 2ux 2vy 2 wz d 0
S ' x 2 y 2 z 2 2u ' x 2v ' y 2 w ' z d ' 0
Properties of the radical plane
(1) The joining the centres of the two spheres is
perpendicular to their radical plane.
(2) If two sphere intersect, their radical plane is the
plane of intersection , i.e. the circle of intersection
lies in the radical plane.
(3) If two sphere touch each other externally or
internally, their radical plane is then common
tangent plane.
• Theorem If S=0 and S’=0 be two sphere , then the
equation S S ' 0( 1) where is a
parameter ,represents a family of spheres such that
any two members of the system have the same
radical plane.
• Co-axial system of spheres:- A system of sphere , any
two members of which have the same radical plane ,
is called a co-axial system of spheres.
Example: Two spheres of radii r1andr2 cut
orthogonally. Prove that the radius of their common
circle is rr
1 2
r12 r22